(Combat against racism). The UN Day of Combat against Racism is on 21 March. On that day, it is commemorated that a peaceful march against apartheid was held in South Africa in 1960. In Brazil, another Day of Combat against Racism is om 13 May. On that day, in 1888, the famous Lei Aúrea was signed by princess-regent Isabel. This law made a definitive end to slavery in Brazil, the last country in the world to end with slavery. Also today, the day is about combat against racism.
Dia do Conselheiro Tutelar (Child protection). A Conselho Tutelar is a municipal council that defends the rights and interests of children and adolescents. This independent council consists of five members that are elected by the community. The council acts according the Statute for the Child and Adolescent, and monitors the implementation and interpretation. There is another Dia do Conselheiro Titular, on 13 May, the day on which the law (Lei nº. 8.069/90) was published.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1966 Foundation of Embratur.
Per Decree no. 55, Empresa Brasileira de Turismo (Embratur) was founded. Tourism has become an important industry, also for Brazil. The relatively big distance between Europe and the United States make many people hesitate to visit Brazil. About six million tourists vist Brazil annually. Not surprisingly, most tourists visit Brazil during Carnival.
“Define a política nacional de turismo, cria o Conselho Nacional de Turismo e a Empresa Brasileira de Turismo e dá outras providências”. (decreto-lei no 55) .
1930 Foundation of the Brazilian Order van Lawyers.
The Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) was founded per decree (Decreto n.º 19.408, art 17), issued by President Getúlio Vargas. Vargas was head of the Privisional Government, which ruled the country after the military coup. All lawyers are obliged to have themselves registered at the OAB.
1814 Death of sculptor Aleijadinho (1730-1814).
Antônio Francisco Lisboa, better known as Aleijadinho, had a Portuguese father and a slave as his mother. He is considered as the most significant Brazilian artist of the Baroque Era. Most of his creations are located in the cities of Ouro Preto and Congonhas (MG). See for an overview of his works: Museu do Aleijadinho
ALEIJADINHO
Aleijadinho, parte 1
Aleijadinho, parte 2
Aleijadinho, parte 3
Aleijadinho, parte 4
1960 WBA world boxing title (bantam weight) for Éder Jofre (1936)
In Los Angeles, Éder beat Mexican boxer Eloy Sanchez with a knock-out. In 1956, he participated at the Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne. Shortly thereafter, he started his professional career. From 1960 to 1965, Éder was WBA world champion. Éder is one of the few boxers with fifty or more knock-outs in his career. Following his professional boxing career, Éder worked as a boxing coach and now owns a number of supermarkets.
ÉDER JOFRE
HOMENAGEM – 54 anos do primeiro título mundial de Éder Jofre
Eder Jofre vs Eloy Sanchez 1960 11 18
EDER JOFRE – O GRANDE CAMPEAO
Aos 78 anos, lutador Éder Jofre enfrenta o drama da perda da memória
(Combat against Smoking). Quit smoking. Easier said than done. On the day that pays attention on the adverse effects of smoking habits this attention may contribute to the effort to quit smoking. The INCA websiteshows some facts and figures about smoking. It is estimated that about one third of the adult world population is smoker, i.e. about 1.2 billion, of which 200 million is female. A bit less than half of the masculine population (47 %), and about 12 % of the feminine population. It is estimated that about 4.9 million people die due to smoking-related causes (data 2003), which is equal to more than ten thousand smoking-related deaths on daily basis. In 2030, the number is expected to double. In Brazil, the percentage of smokers varies between 13 and 25 percent among the Brazilian capitals. It is estimated that there are 200 thousand smoking-related deaths annually.
The motto of 2007 was:
Ambiente Livre de Cigarro é Direito de Todos
Everyone has the right of a smoke-free environment.
And for 2012:
Cigarro não combina com a saúde do planeta. Nem com a sua.
Cigarettes do not match with the earth’s health. Neither with yours.
COMBAT AGAINST SMOKING
29 de Agosto – Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo
Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo 2011
29/08 Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo
PARE DE FUMAR! O cigarro é um veneno mortal. imagens fortes
Dia do Vaqueiro
(Cowboy). In 2004, this day was introduced by law. The idea for this day was the first cowboy parade in União, on August 29, 1944. União is at a short distance from Teresina, capital of the state of Piauí. This festival now is considered the largest cowboy festivalin Brazil, with more than one thousand participants. União is also the city of the patron of the Vaqueiros, José Serafim, who founded the first Brazilian Society for Vaqueiros in 1984.
VAQUEIROS
Documentario Vaqueiros de União
A dura rotina do vaqueiro
Barras comemora dia do vaqueiro
Procissão dos Vaqueiros – Barras – 2010
Globo Rural – Encontro de Vaqueiros em Aroazes-PI
Alcimar Monteiro – Vaqueiro Nordestino
Dia do Vaqueiro
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1730 Birth of Antônio Francisco Lisboa (1730-1814), better known as Aleijadinho.
Aleijadinho is considered as one of the most influential Brazilian artist, but there exists serious doubts, if he has existed. There are sources that state that the government of Getúlio Vargas had created the legend. To serve as a Brazilian prototype: From mixed descendent (Portuguese father and African mother), disabled (he had to deal with the symptoms of leprosy, at a later age), moody, but above all capable to show his talents. Works of Aleijadinho – the ‘little cripple’ – are predominantly found in the historic cities of Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, Mariana, Congonhas, Sabará, São João del Rei. Especially the statues of the twelve prophets, of soft soapstone, in front of the Sanctuary de Bom Jesus de Matosinhos, in Congonhas, are very famous. With the help of his assistants (his hands and feet were severely malformed) the artist sculpted the statues in a period of five years. Other masterpieces of Aleijadinho in Congonhas are the 66 statues of the Passion, he spent ten years on it.
ALEIJADINHO
Aleijadinho
Via Sacra-Aleijadinho
O Aleijadinho – Documentário
Os Doze Profetas, Aleijadinho
Os 12 Profetas
1825 Recognition of the independence of Brazil by Portugal.
The recognition was a fact, almost three years after the declaration of the independence by the then crown prince Pedro, on September 7, 1822. A long and bloody independence war followed. Only after mediation by the British Empire, the Portuguese king Dom João VI signed the alliance and friendship treaty with his former colony Brazil, thereby recognizing the independence. As a prize, Brazil had to pay two million pounds that Portugal owed the British Empire. Portugal was not the first nation that recognized Brazil. The United States were the first nation, in 1824. Then followed by Mexico, Argentina, and France. Immediately after the Portuguese recognition, the British Empire, and later other European nations recognized the independence of Brazil.
1852 Start of the construction of the first railway connection in Brazil, the Estrada de Ferro Mauá.
In Europe, and in the United States thousands of kilometers of railways were constructed in the second half of the 19th century. Brazil could not lag behind. Good railway connections could transport, for example, the coffee harvest, to the harbors in a cheaper and faster way. In 1828, a law came into effect, which stimulated the construction of railway connections between the major cities. In 1835, it was made possible to obtain concessions of a railway connection, for a period of forty years. In July 1852, interest upon the investments was promised. The latter provided the ultimate impulse to the construction of the first railway. The famous Brazilian entrepreneur Irineu Evangelista de Souza, (1813-1889), later honored with the title Baron de Mauá, took the initiative to the construction of a railway from Rio de Janeiro in the direction of Petrópolis, a short track of 15 kilometers. On April 30, 1854, the track was inaugurated by emperor Pedro II.
Baronesa
Brazilian railway system
BRAZILIAN RAILWAYS
Primeira ferrovia do Brasil,
fundada pelo Barão de Mauá
Globo Repórter a História das Ferrovias no Brasil
Primeira ferrovia do Brasil,
fundada pelo Barão de Mauá
Infraestrutura ferroviária no Brasil
1853 Separation of the state of Paraná from the state of São Paulo.
Emperor Dom Pedro II signed the law that created the state of Paraná. Paraná is Guarani for ‘mighty river’, and this river is indeed impressive, when witnessing the famous waterfalls of Foz do Iguaçu. The creation of the new state also marked the start of the exploration of Paraná by a flood of European (Polish, German, and Italian) and Asian migrants. Curitiba became the new capital of the state.
Brazilian map in 1853
State of Paraná
PARANÁ (PR)
PARANÁ NO CENTENÁRIO (1953)
Hino do Paraná
História do Paraná – Aula 1 –
Indígenas paranaenses
História do Paraná – Aula 2 –
Reduções espanholas
História do Paraná – Aula 3 –
Ocupação do Primeiro Planalto
História do Paraná – Aula 4 –
Ocupação dos Campos Gerais
História do Paraná – Aula 5 –
Caminhos e tropeirismo
História do Paraná – Aula 6 –
Erva mate e madeira
História do Paraná – Aula 7 – Emancipação política
História do Paraná – Aula 8 – Escravidão no Paraná
História do Paraná – Aula 9 – Imigração
História do Paraná – Aula 10 –
Revolução Federalista e o Paraná
História do Paraná – Aula 11-
Questão de Palmas
Turismo / Governo do Paraná
1903 Registration of the first automobile in Brazil.
In Rio de Janeiro, the car of Francisco Leite de Bittencourt Sampaio became registered. Interesting is the claim that the time of the registration was quite unfortunate, when considered astrologically. According to this claim, there is a link between this time of registration and the large number of road accidents in Brazil.
(Combat against racism). The UN Day of Combat against Racism is on 21 March. On that day, it is commemorated that a peaceful march against apartheid was held in South Africa in 1960. In Brazil, another Day of Combat against Racism is om 13 May. On that day, in 1888, the famous Lei Aúrea was signed by princess-regent Isabel. This law made a definitive end to slavery in Brazil, the last country in the world to end with slavery. Also today, the day is about combat against racism.
Dia do Conselheiro Tutelar (Child protection). A Conselho Tutelar is a municipal council that defends the rights and interests of children and adolescents. This independent council consists of five members that are elected by the community. The council acts according the Statute for the Child and Adolescent, and monitors the implementation and interpretation. There is another Dia do Conselheiro Titular, on 13 May, the day on which the law (Lei nº. 8.069/90) was published.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1966 Foundation of Embratur.
Per Decree no. 55, Empresa Brasileira de Turismo (Embratur) was founded. Tourism has become an important industry, also for Brazil. The relatively big distance between Europe and the United States make many people hesitate to visit Brazil. About six million tourists vist Brazil annually. Not surprisingly, most tourists visit Brazil during Carnival.
“Define a política nacional de turismo, cria o Conselho Nacional de Turismo e a Empresa Brasileira de Turismo e dá outras providências”. (decreto-lei no 55) .
1930 Foundation of the Brazilian Order van Lawyers.
The Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) was founded per decree (Decreto n.º 19.408, art 17), issued by President Getúlio Vargas. Vargas was head of the Privisional Government, which ruled the country after the military coup. All lawyers are obliged to have themselves registered at the OAB.
1814 Death of sculptor Aleijadinho (1730-1814).
Antônio Francisco Lisboa, better known as Aleijadinho, had a Portuguese father and a slave as his mother. He is considered as the most significant Brazilian artist of the Baroque Era. Most of his creations are located in the cities of Ouro Preto and Congonhas (MG). See for an overview of his works: Museu do Aleijadinho
ALEIJADINHO
Aleijadinho, parte 1
Aleijadinho, parte 2
Aleijadinho, parte 3
Aleijadinho, parte 4
1960 WBA world boxing title (bantam weight) for Éder Jofre (1936)
In Los Angeles, Éder beat Mexican boxer Eloy Sanchez with a knock-out. In 1956, he participated at the Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne. Shortly thereafter, he started his professional career. From 1960 to 1965, Éder was WBA world champion. Éder is one of the few boxers with fifty or more knock-outs in his career. Following his professional boxing career, Éder worked as a boxing coach and now owns a number of supermarkets.
ÉDER JOFRE
HOMENAGEM – 54 anos do primeiro título mundial de Éder Jofre
Eder Jofre vs Eloy Sanchez 1960 11 18
EDER JOFRE – O GRANDE CAMPEAO
Aos 78 anos, lutador Éder Jofre enfrenta o drama da perda da memória
(Combat against Smoking). Quit smoking. Easier said than done. On the day that pays attention on the adverse effects of smoking habits this attention may contribute to the effort to quit smoking. The INCA websiteshows some facts and figures about smoking. It is estimated that about one third of the adult world population is smoker, i.e. about 1.2 billion, of which 200 million is female. A bit less than half of the masculine population (47 %), and about 12 % of the feminine population. It is estimated that about 4.9 million people die due to smoking-related causes (data 2003), which is equal to more than ten thousand smoking-related deaths on daily basis. In 2030, the number is expected to double. In Brazil, the percentage of smokers varies between 13 and 25 percent among the Brazilian capitals. It is estimated that there are 200 thousand smoking-related deaths annually.
The motto of 2007 was:
Ambiente Livre de Cigarro é Direito de Todos
Everyone has the right of a smoke-free environment.
And for 2012:
Cigarro não combina com a saúde do planeta. Nem com a sua.
Cigarettes do not match with the earth’s health. Neither with yours.
COMBAT AGAINST SMOKING
29 de Agosto – Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo
Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo 2011
29/08 Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo
PARE DE FUMAR! O cigarro é um veneno mortal. imagens fortes
Dia do Vaqueiro
(Cowboy). In 2004, this day was introduced by law. The idea for this day was the first cowboy parade in União, on August 29, 1944. União is at a short distance from Teresina, capital of the state of Piauí. This festival now is considered the largest cowboy festivalin Brazil, with more than one thousand participants. União is also the city of the patron of the Vaqueiros, José Serafim, who founded the first Brazilian Society for Vaqueiros in 1984.
VAQUEIROS
Documentario Vaqueiros de União
A dura rotina do vaqueiro
Barras comemora dia do vaqueiro
Procissão dos Vaqueiros – Barras – 2010
Globo Rural – Encontro de Vaqueiros em Aroazes-PI
Alcimar Monteiro – Vaqueiro Nordestino
Dia do Vaqueiro
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1730 Birth of Antônio Francisco Lisboa (1730-1814), better known as Aleijadinho.
Aleijadinho is considered as one of the most influential Brazilian artist, but there exists serious doubts, if he has existed. There are sources that state that the government of Getúlio Vargas had created the legend. To serve as a Brazilian prototype: From mixed descendent (Portuguese father and African mother), disabled (he had to deal with the symptoms of leprosy, at a later age), moody, but above all capable to show his talents. Works of Aleijadinho – the ‘little cripple’ – are predominantly found in the historic cities of Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, Mariana, Congonhas, Sabará, São João del Rei. Especially the statues of the twelve prophets, of soft soapstone, in front of the Sanctuary de Bom Jesus de Matosinhos, in Congonhas, are very famous. With the help of his assistants (his hands and feet were severely malformed) the artist sculpted the statues in a period of five years. Other masterpieces of Aleijadinho in Congonhas are the 66 statues of the Passion, he spent ten years on it.
ALEIJADINHO
Aleijadinho
Via Sacra-Aleijadinho
O Aleijadinho – Documentário
Os Doze Profetas, Aleijadinho
Os 12 Profetas
1825 Recognition of the independence of Brazil by Portugal.
The recognition was a fact, almost three years after the declaration of the independence by the then crown prince Pedro, on September 7, 1822. A long and bloody independence war followed. Only after mediation by the British Empire, the Portuguese king Dom João VI signed the alliance and friendship treaty with his former colony Brazil, thereby recognizing the independence. As a prize, Brazil had to pay two million pounds that Portugal owed the British Empire. Portugal was not the first nation that recognized Brazil. The United States were the first nation, in 1824. Then followed by Mexico, Argentina, and France. Immediately after the Portuguese recognition, the British Empire, and later other European nations recognized the independence of Brazil.
1852 Start of the construction of the first railway connection in Brazil, the Estrada de Ferro Mauá.
In Europe, and in the United States thousands of kilometers of railways were constructed in the second half of the 19th century. Brazil could not lag behind. Good railway connections could transport, for example, the coffee harvest, to the harbors in a cheaper and faster way. In 1828, a law came into effect, which stimulated the construction of railway connections between the major cities. In 1835, it was made possible to obtain concessions of a railway connection, for a period of forty years. In July 1852, interest upon the investments was promised. The latter provided the ultimate impulse to the construction of the first railway. The famous Brazilian entrepreneur Irineu Evangelista de Souza, (1813-1889), later honored with the title Baron de Mauá, took the initiative to the construction of a railway from Rio de Janeiro in the direction of Petrópolis, a short track of 15 kilometers. On April 30, 1854, the track was inaugurated by emperor Pedro II.
Baronesa
Brazilian railway system
BRAZILIAN RAILWAYS
Primeira ferrovia do Brasil,
fundada pelo Barão de Mauá
Globo Repórter a História das Ferrovias no Brasil
Primeira ferrovia do Brasil,
fundada pelo Barão de Mauá
Infraestrutura ferroviária no Brasil
1853 Separation of the state of Paraná from the state of São Paulo.
Emperor Dom Pedro II signed the law that created the state of Paraná. Paraná is Guarani for ‘mighty river’, and this river is indeed impressive, when witnessing the famous waterfalls of Foz do Iguaçu. The creation of the new state also marked the start of the exploration of Paraná by a flood of European (Polish, German, and Italian) and Asian migrants. Curitiba became the new capital of the state.
Brazilian map in 1853
State of Paraná
PARANÁ (PR)
PARANÁ NO CENTENÁRIO (1953)
Hino do Paraná
História do Paraná – Aula 1 –
Indígenas paranaenses
História do Paraná – Aula 2 –
Reduções espanholas
História do Paraná – Aula 3 –
Ocupação do Primeiro Planalto
História do Paraná – Aula 4 –
Ocupação dos Campos Gerais
História do Paraná – Aula 5 –
Caminhos e tropeirismo
História do Paraná – Aula 6 –
Erva mate e madeira
História do Paraná – Aula 7 – Emancipação política
História do Paraná – Aula 8 – Escravidão no Paraná
História do Paraná – Aula 9 – Imigração
História do Paraná – Aula 10 –
Revolução Federalista e o Paraná
História do Paraná – Aula 11-
Questão de Palmas
Turismo / Governo do Paraná
1903 Registration of the first automobile in Brazil.
In Rio de Janeiro, the car of Francisco Leite de Bittencourt Sampaio became registered. Interesting is the claim that the time of the registration was quite unfortunate, when considered astrologically. According to this claim, there is a link between this time of registration and the large number of road accidents in Brazil.
(Combat against racism). The UN Day of Combat against Racism is on 21 March. On that day, it is commemorated that a peaceful march against apartheid was held in South Africa in 1960. In Brazil, another Day of Combat against Racism is om 13 May. On that day, in 1888, the famous Lei Aúrea was signed by princess-regent Isabel. This law made a definitive end to slavery in Brazil, the last country in the world to end with slavery. Also today, the day is about combat against racism.
Dia do Conselheiro Tutelar (Child protection). A Conselho Tutelar is a municipal council that defends the rights and interests of children and adolescents. This independent council consists of five members that are elected by the community. The council acts according the Statute for the Child and Adolescent, and monitors the implementation and interpretation. There is another Dia do Conselheiro Titular, on 13 May, the day on which the law (Lei nº. 8.069/90) was published.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1966 Foundation of Embratur.
Per Decree no. 55, Empresa Brasileira de Turismo (Embratur) was founded. Tourism has become an important industry, also for Brazil. The relatively big distance between Europe and the United States make many people hesitate to visit Brazil. About six million tourists vist Brazil annually. Not surprisingly, most tourists visit Brazil during Carnival.
“Define a política nacional de turismo, cria o Conselho Nacional de Turismo e a Empresa Brasileira de Turismo e dá outras providências”. (decreto-lei no 55) .
1930 Foundation of the Brazilian Order van Lawyers.
The Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) was founded per decree (Decreto n.º 19.408, art 17), issued by President Getúlio Vargas. Vargas was head of the Privisional Government, which ruled the country after the military coup. All lawyers are obliged to have themselves registered at the OAB.
1814 Death of sculptor Aleijadinho (1730-1814).
Antônio Francisco Lisboa, better known as Aleijadinho, had a Portuguese father and a slave as his mother. He is considered as the most significant Brazilian artist of the Baroque Era. Most of his creations are located in the cities of Ouro Preto and Congonhas (MG). See for an overview of his works: Museu do Aleijadinho
ALEIJADINHO
Aleijadinho, parte 1
Aleijadinho, parte 2
Aleijadinho, parte 3
Aleijadinho, parte 4
1960 WBA world boxing title (bantam weight) for Éder Jofre (1936)
In Los Angeles, Éder beat Mexican boxer Eloy Sanchez with a knock-out. In 1956, he participated at the Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne. Shortly thereafter, he started his professional career. From 1960 to 1965, Éder was WBA world champion. Éder is one of the few boxers with fifty or more knock-outs in his career. Following his professional boxing career, Éder worked as a boxing coach and now owns a number of supermarkets.
ÉDER JOFRE
HOMENAGEM – 54 anos do primeiro título mundial de Éder Jofre
Eder Jofre vs Eloy Sanchez 1960 11 18
EDER JOFRE – O GRANDE CAMPEAO
Aos 78 anos, lutador Éder Jofre enfrenta o drama da perda da memória
(Combat against Smoking). Quit smoking. Easier said than done. On the day that pays attention on the adverse effects of smoking habits this attention may contribute to the effort to quit smoking. The INCA websiteshows some facts and figures about smoking. It is estimated that about one third of the adult world population is smoker, i.e. about 1.2 billion, of which 200 million is female. A bit less than half of the masculine population (47 %), and about 12 % of the feminine population. It is estimated that about 4.9 million people die due to smoking-related causes (data 2003), which is equal to more than ten thousand smoking-related deaths on daily basis. In 2030, the number is expected to double. In Brazil, the percentage of smokers varies between 13 and 25 percent among the Brazilian capitals. It is estimated that there are 200 thousand smoking-related deaths annually.
The motto of 2007 was:
Ambiente Livre de Cigarro é Direito de Todos
Everyone has the right of a smoke-free environment.
And for 2012:
Cigarro não combina com a saúde do planeta. Nem com a sua.
Cigarettes do not match with the earth’s health. Neither with yours.
COMBAT AGAINST SMOKING
29 de Agosto – Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo
Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo 2011
29/08 Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo
PARE DE FUMAR! O cigarro é um veneno mortal. imagens fortes
Dia do Vaqueiro
(Cowboy). In 2004, this day was introduced by law. The idea for this day was the first cowboy parade in União, on August 29, 1944. União is at a short distance from Teresina, capital of the state of Piauí. This festival now is considered the largest cowboy festivalin Brazil, with more than one thousand participants. União is also the city of the patron of the Vaqueiros, José Serafim, who founded the first Brazilian Society for Vaqueiros in 1984.
VAQUEIROS
Documentario Vaqueiros de União
A dura rotina do vaqueiro
Barras comemora dia do vaqueiro
Procissão dos Vaqueiros – Barras – 2010
Globo Rural – Encontro de Vaqueiros em Aroazes-PI
Alcimar Monteiro – Vaqueiro Nordestino
Dia do Vaqueiro
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1730 Birth of Antônio Francisco Lisboa (1730-1814), better known as Aleijadinho.
Aleijadinho is considered as one of the most influential Brazilian artist, but there exists serious doubts, if he has existed. There are sources that state that the government of Getúlio Vargas had created the legend. To serve as a Brazilian prototype: From mixed descendent (Portuguese father and African mother), disabled (he had to deal with the symptoms of leprosy, at a later age), moody, but above all capable to show his talents. Works of Aleijadinho – the ‘little cripple’ – are predominantly found in the historic cities of Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, Mariana, Congonhas, Sabará, São João del Rei. Especially the statues of the twelve prophets, of soft soapstone, in front of the Sanctuary de Bom Jesus de Matosinhos, in Congonhas, are very famous. With the help of his assistants (his hands and feet were severely malformed) the artist sculpted the statues in a period of five years. Other masterpieces of Aleijadinho in Congonhas are the 66 statues of the Passion, he spent ten years on it.
ALEIJADINHO
Aleijadinho
Via Sacra-Aleijadinho
O Aleijadinho – Documentário
Os Doze Profetas, Aleijadinho
Os 12 Profetas
1825 Recognition of the independence of Brazil by Portugal.
The recognition was a fact, almost three years after the declaration of the independence by the then crown prince Pedro, on September 7, 1822. A long and bloody independence war followed. Only after mediation by the British Empire, the Portuguese king Dom João VI signed the alliance and friendship treaty with his former colony Brazil, thereby recognizing the independence. As a prize, Brazil had to pay two million pounds that Portugal owed the British Empire. Portugal was not the first nation that recognized Brazil. The United States were the first nation, in 1824. Then followed by Mexico, Argentina, and France. Immediately after the Portuguese recognition, the British Empire, and later other European nations recognized the independence of Brazil.
1852 Start of the construction of the first railway connection in Brazil, the Estrada de Ferro Mauá.
In Europe, and in the United States thousands of kilometers of railways were constructed in the second half of the 19th century. Brazil could not lag behind. Good railway connections could transport, for example, the coffee harvest, to the harbors in a cheaper and faster way. In 1828, a law came into effect, which stimulated the construction of railway connections between the major cities. In 1835, it was made possible to obtain concessions of a railway connection, for a period of forty years. In July 1852, interest upon the investments was promised. The latter provided the ultimate impulse to the construction of the first railway. The famous Brazilian entrepreneur Irineu Evangelista de Souza, (1813-1889), later honored with the title Baron de Mauá, took the initiative to the construction of a railway from Rio de Janeiro in the direction of Petrópolis, a short track of 15 kilometers. On April 30, 1854, the track was inaugurated by emperor Pedro II.
Baronesa
Brazilian railway system
BRAZILIAN RAILWAYS
Primeira ferrovia do Brasil,
fundada pelo Barão de Mauá
Globo Repórter a História das Ferrovias no Brasil
Primeira ferrovia do Brasil,
fundada pelo Barão de Mauá
Infraestrutura ferroviária no Brasil
1853 Separation of the state of Paraná from the state of São Paulo.
Emperor Dom Pedro II signed the law that created the state of Paraná. Paraná is Guarani for ‘mighty river’, and this river is indeed impressive, when witnessing the famous waterfalls of Foz do Iguaçu. The creation of the new state also marked the start of the exploration of Paraná by a flood of European (Polish, German, and Italian) and Asian migrants. Curitiba became the new capital of the state.
Brazilian map in 1853
State of Paraná
PARANÁ (PR)
PARANÁ NO CENTENÁRIO (1953)
Hino do Paraná
História do Paraná – Aula 1 –
Indígenas paranaenses
História do Paraná – Aula 2 –
Reduções espanholas
História do Paraná – Aula 3 –
Ocupação do Primeiro Planalto
História do Paraná – Aula 4 –
Ocupação dos Campos Gerais
História do Paraná – Aula 5 –
Caminhos e tropeirismo
História do Paraná – Aula 6 –
Erva mate e madeira
História do Paraná – Aula 7 – Emancipação política
História do Paraná – Aula 8 – Escravidão no Paraná
História do Paraná – Aula 9 – Imigração
História do Paraná – Aula 10 –
Revolução Federalista e o Paraná
História do Paraná – Aula 11-
Questão de Palmas
Turismo / Governo do Paraná
1903 Registration of the first automobile in Brazil.
In Rio de Janeiro, the car of Francisco Leite de Bittencourt Sampaio became registered. Interesting is the claim that the time of the registration was quite unfortunate, when considered astrologically. According to this claim, there is a link between this time of registration and the large number of road accidents in Brazil.
Een persoonlijke selectie van foto´s en hun verhalen.
246: Profeet Jonas
De historische stad Congonhas is vermaard vanwege de spekstenen standbeelden van twaalf profeten, twee eeuwen geleden gebeeldhouwd door Aleijadinho. Deze beelden bevinden zich voor de Santuário de Bom Jesus de Matosinhos. Opvallend genoeg vormen de eerste letters van de profeten de naam Aleijadinho. En een van deze profeten is Jonas, die door God was bevolen naar de stad Ninivé te gaan, maar hij weigerde. Als gevolg werd hij verzwolgen door een walvis, maar hij overleefde het. Hij ging alsnog naar het doorde Assyriërs gedomineerde Ninivé. Het moraal van dit verhaal is vergevingsgezindheid. De profeet kijkt omhoog, in de lucht, alsof hij met God aan het communiceren was. Toen ik deze door weer en wind verweerde beelden aanschouwde, vroeg ik me af hoe deze beelden eruit zouden hebben gezien ten tijde van hun voltooiing, zo’n tweehonderd jaar geleden.
Een persoonlijke selectie van foto´s en hun verhalen.
203. Twaalf profeten
AUGUSTUS 2009: Twaalf profeten
Deelstaat Minas Gerais herbergt een aantal zeer interessante historische stadjes: Ouro Preto, Mariana, Diamantina, Tiradentes, Sabará, São João del Rei en Congonhas. Congonhas, gelegen aan de historische route ‘Estrada Real’ tussen Diamantina en Rio de Janeiro, staat bekend om het heiligdom, de basiliek Bom Jesus de Matosinhos, de standbeelden van twaalf profeten, en de zes kapellen met de zeven voorstellingen van de Kruisweg. Het heiligdom staat op de Werelderfgoedlijst van de UNESCO. De profeten – Jesaja, Jeremia, Baruch, Ezechiël, Daniël, Hosea, Joel, Obadja, Amos, Jona, Nahum en Habakuk – en de kruisweg zijn gebeeldhouwd in Barokstijl door meester-beeldhouwer Aleijadinho. De spekstenen beelden van de profeten zijn door de tand des tijds behoorlijk aangetast; hoe zouden de beelden hebben eruitgezien aan het begin van de achttiende eeuw, toen ze net gebeeldhouwd waren?
Congonhas is een kleine historische stad op 75 km ten zuiden van Belo Horizonte, langs de snelweg naar Rio de Janeiro. De stad staat bekend om de beeldhouwwerken van Aleijadinho.
13. De profeten van Aleijadinho: profeet Naum (Nahum). Naum (Nahum, de ‘trooster’) was de zevende van de ‘kleine profeten’. Naum voorspelde de ondergang van de stad Ninive.
Naum
Naum is de zevende van de kleine profeten. Nahum (‘trooster’) moet in de achtste eeuw voor de jaartelling geleefd hebben. Zijn profetiën verhalen over de ondergang van Ninive, de hoofdstad van het toen nog bloeiende Assyrische Rijk. De ommuurde, onneembaar geachte stad viel echter ten prooi aan een grote brand binnen de muren. Deze brand luidde de ondergang van het Assyrische Rijk in. Volgens het boek van Nahum was de stad Ninive in de ogen van God een bloedige stad vol leugens, bedrog en diefstal. De ondergang van het rijk was tegens door Nums voorganger Jonas voorspeld.
Op het schild dat bij Naum is geplaatst staat de volgende spreuk:
“Expono Nini/
Uen Maneat/
Qua Poena/
Relapsam.
Evertedam/
Aio Funditus/
Assyriam
Nahum/C.1″.
(“Exponho que o castigo espera Nínive pecadora. Declaro que a Assíria será completamente destruída. Naum cap.1”). (‘Ik voorspel de kastijding die het zondige Ninive kan verwachten. Ik zeg u dat Assyrië compleet wordt vernietigd’) Oude man
Naum is het meest rechtse standbeeld van de beeldengroep van de profeten. Hij is afgebeeld als een oude man, met een lange baard die een groot deel van zijn verweerd gelaat bedekt. Naum is gekleed in een lang, dichtgeknoopt gewaad. Gezien de afwerking van het beeld, is het waarschijnlijk dat Aleijadinho dit beeld aan zijn ‘atelier’ overliet.
Congonhas, MG (12) De 12 Profeten: Habacuc (Habakuk)
(Click here for the English version)
Congonhas is een kleine historische stad op 75 km ten zuiden van Belo Horizonte, langs de snelweg naar Rio de Janeiro. De stad staat bekend om de beeldhouwwerken van Aleijadinho.
12. De profeten van Aleijadinho: profeet Habacuc (Habakuk).
Habacuc (Habakuk, de ‘zeer geliefde’) is de achtste van de twaalf kleine profeten. Habacucs profetieën gaan over de opkomst en het verval van de Chaldeeërs, de overheersers van de Israëlieten.
Habacuc
Habacuc, in het Nederlands Habakuk (waarschijnlijke betekenis “de zeer geliefde”), is de achtste van de twaalf kleine profeten. Over het leven van Habakuk is zeer weinig bekend. Hij moet in de zevende eeuw voor de jaartelling hebben geleefd. Waarschijnlijk ten tijde van koning Jeoachim, toen de Babyloniërs machtiger werden. De profetiën van Habakuk gaan over de opkomst en verval van de Chaldeeërs, overheersers van de Israëlieten. Het boek van Habakuk – de eerste twee hoofstukken zijn teruggevonden in de Dode Zeerollen – is verdeeld in drie hoofdstukken. Het eerste hoofdstuk is het contact tussen de profeet en Yahweh, de profeet twijfelt aan de wijsheid van de laatste. Het tweede hoofstuk openbaart de straffingen voor zowel de Israëlieten als de Chaldeeërs. Het derde hoofdstuk is een bloemlezing, waarin Habakuk zijn onvoorwaardelijke trouw aan Yahweh beschrijft.
Op het schild dat bij Habacuc is geplaatst staat de volgende spreuk:
“Te Babylon,/
Babylon,Te te/
Chaldæe te/
Arguo: Te in/
Psalmis Te Deus/
Almecano.
Habacuc/
Cap.1″.
(“Ó Babilônia, Babilônia, eu te arguo ó tirano da Caldéia: mas ti, ó Deus benigno; canto em salmos. Habacuc, cap.1”).
(O Babylonië, Babylonië, ik twist met u over de tirannie van de Chaldeeërs: Maar u, goede God, ik bezing u)
Beeld
Het beeld heeft veel overeenkomsten met die van Jeremias, Ezequiel, Oséias, Joel en Jonas. De kleding van Habacuc komt overeen met die van Naum en Jonas. Op het hoofd van de profeet is een ingewikkeld gewikkelde tulband. Het standbeeld is hoogstwaarschijnlijk door meester Aleijadinho zelf vervaardigd, gezien de vele meesterlijke details.
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