(International Civil Aviation Day). The day was stablished in 1994 by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) by the UN General Assembly (Resolution A29-1), in order to mark the 50th anniversary of the organization, created on 7 December 1944. In 1996, the General Assembly recognized this day as an official UN day. The purpose of the global celebration is to generate and reinforce worldwide awareness of the importance of international civil aviation in the social and economic development of States, and of the role of ICAO in promoting the safety, efficiency and regularity of international air transport. Every day 93,000 flights are starting from approx. 9,000 airports. At all times there are between 8,000 and 13,000 airplanes in the air.
Theme for 2012 was: Aviation: Your Reliable Connection to the World
INTERNATIONAL AVIATION
airtraffic volume for 24 hour period
All the Airlines of the World
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1848 Death of dramaturg Martins Pena
1933 Change of the Brazilian capital to Planalto Central was proposed to Constituinte
The proposal was an initiative of general Cristovão Barcelos.
1987 Inclusion of Brasília on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
1866 Commercial ships from all nations were allowed to navigate on the Amazon River and its side rivers, and on the São Francisco River.
1988 First successful heart-lung transplantation realized in São Paulo.
(Brazilian Day of Rural Expansion). This day was established by Lei (Act) 12,386 of 3 March 2011, with support from ASBRAER (Associação Brasileira das Entidades de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural; Brazilian Association of Technical Assistance and Rural Expansion Units), in order to commemorate the day of the creation of Acar-MG (Associação de Crédito e Assistência Rural de Minas Gerais; Assocation of Rural Credit and Assistance in Minas Gerais), on 6 December 1948. These institutions represent professionals who have direct contact with the farmers and their families, and provide assistance for their development. About 70 percent of Brazilian food consumption is composed of Brazilian rural products.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1976 Death of João Belchior M. Goulart, former president of Brazil, in Argentina
In 1964, President João Goulart, nicknamed Jango, was forced to step down after a military coup and go into exile. Recently his corpse was exhumed in order to find out if he was poisoned.
1996 Death of composer João do Vale
1868 Battle of Itororó, during the Paraguayan War.
About five thousand Paraguayans confronted twenty thousand Brazilians, commanded by Duque de Caxias.
2001 Sailor Peter Blake, from New Zealand, murdered in Amazonas
Peter was considered as the best in his discipline. He died at the age of 53, after armed robbers invaded his sailing boot during his expedition on the Amazon River.
(Brazilian Red Cross). Already in 1907, Dr. Joaquim de Oliveira Botelho, inspired by what he saw in other countries, had the idea of establishing a Brazilian Red Cross Organization. On 5 December 1908, the ‘Estatutos da Sociedade’ (Statutes) were approved in a meeting in Rio de Janeiro. The first president was Oswaldo Cruz.
Dia Internacional dos Voluntários para o Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social
(International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development). The International Volunteer Day for Social and Economic Development (IVD), established by the UN General Assembly to be commemorated on 5 December every year, is about telling the world what volunteers and volunteer-involving organizations achieve for peace and sustainable development.
Dia Internacional do Voluntário
(International Volunteer Day). The IVD was established by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly through Resolution 40/212 on 17 December 1985. Since then, governments, the UN system and civil society organizations have successfully joined volunteers around the world to celebrate the Day on 5 December.
Theme for 2013: YOUNG. GLOBAL. ACTIVE
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1934 Death of writer Humberto de Campos.
1891 Death of Dom Pedro II, former emperor of Brazil in exile
1889 Arrival of Dom Pedro II and his family in Lisbon
They were exiled from Brazil on November 17, shortly after the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic.
1908 Foundation of Cruz Vermelha Brasileira (Brazilian Red Cross).
See above.
1967 Creation of Funai (Fundação Nacional do Índio; Brazilian Indian Foundation).
(Pedicure). The day refers to the foundation of Associação Brasileira de Podólogos (ABP; Brazilian Association of Pedicures) on 4 December 1964, in the city of São Paulo. In 2007, almost 600 pedicures were registered in Brazil.
Dia do Publicitário
(Publisher).
Dia do Perito Criminal
(Criminal Investigator).
Dia do Trabalhador em Minas de Carvão
(Coal Mine Worker). Today is the feast day of Saint Barbara, patron saint of miners, geologists, and mathematicians, among others.
Dia Mundial da Propaganda
(World Propaganda Day). On 4 December 1936, a congress for propagandists and publishers was organized in Buenos Aires (Argentina). From 1937, this day was called the Pan American Propaganda Day. Only from the 1970’s, this day was called the World Propaganda Day.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1810
Creation of Academia Real Militar in Rio de Janeiro
King Dom João VI created, per decree, the Academia Real Militar (Royal Miltary Academy) in Rio de Janeiro. At present, it is called Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras.
(International Day of People with Disability). In 1976, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 1981 as the International Year of Disabled People, and the period 1983-1992 as the Decade of Disabled Peoples. Since 1992, 3 December is promoted as the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. Over one billion people, about 15 percent of the world’s population, live with some form of disability. Most of them face physical, social, economic and attitudinal barriers that exclude them from participating fully and effectively as equal members of society. In 2006, the Convention on the Rights of People with Disability was adopted by the UN General Assembly. The Convention is intended as a human rights instrument with an explicit, development dimension.
Theme for 2013: “Break Barriers, Open Doors: for an inclusive society and development for all”
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1990 Death of actress Henriette Morineau (1908-1990)
Henriette Fernande Zoé Morineau was born in Niort, France. She quickly became interested in literature and its interpretation. She started to have drama classes, and in 1926, she started a tour through France, with Comédie Française. Three years later, Henriette made a tour through various European countries, and met Georges Mourineau. She married him, when she arrived in Rio de Janeiro in 1930. In 1942, she participated in a tour through South America, with a repertoire of five theater pieces. In 1946, she founded the company Os Artistas Unidos, which organized theater pieces for children and adults. Henriette also acted in movies such as ‘O Comprador de Fazendas’ (1951), ‘Presença da Anita’ (1951), and a TV series ‘Água Viva’ (1980).
2000 First place in ATP World Ranking for Gustavo Kuerten.
Guga reached the first place after his victory against André Agassi in the Master Cup, in Lisbon.
1530 Departure of Martim Afonso de Sousa, from Lisbon.
Martim became the founder of the first city in Brazil: São Vicente (SP), on 21 January 1532.
1902 Death of President Prudente de Moraes.
The third president, and the first directly elected, died in Piracicaba (SP), at the age of 61. Prudente succeeded Floriano Peixoto on 15 November 1894 as President of Brazil, and stayed in office until the end of his mandate on 15 November 1898.
1904 Birth of Roberto Marinho, former owner of Organizações Globo.
Roberto Marinho was one of the participating lieutenants in the 1922 Copacabana Revolt, but he left the fortress early. He inherited Globo newspaper, founded by his father Irineu in 1925. The radio division (Rádio Globo) was founded in 1944. On 26 April 1965, Roberto founded Rede Globo, with has become the largest broadcast corporation in Brazil, and the second largest in the world. His son Roberto Irineu Marinho (1947) became the new owner in 2003.
1937 Dissolution of Ação Integralista by President Getúlio Vargas.
1994 Dayvison André da Silva, 13 years, managed to escape from his prison
Dayvison was kept prisoner in the prison for two years and six months, in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, em São Paulo.
(Astronomy). The day refers to the birth of Dom Pedro II, Brazil’s second emperor, who was an amateur astronomer and a great initiator of science in Brazil. The Sociedade Brasileira de Astronomia, founded in 1947, chose the emperor as the patron of Brazilian astronomy.
Dia do Samba
(Samba). Samba is tightly linked to Brazilian carnival, to Brazilian music. The day was an initiative of a Bahian councilman, Luis Monteiro da Costa, to honor Ary Barroso. The day of 2 December was the day when Ary Barroso visited Salvador for the first time, and brought samba beyond the borders of Rio de Janeiro. In Salvador, Dia do Samba is commemorated at Pelourinho, where local sambistas will be present. In Rio de Janeiro, Dia do Samba is celebrated ‘Pagode do Trem. The idea of pagode do trem originated from the district of Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro), when they created a movement to revitalize the district: ‘Acorda, Oswaldo Cruz’. In that time, sambistas were persecuted by the police; therefore, the sambistas, among them was Paulo da Portela, used train wagons for their meetings and musical presentations.
Dia Internacional para a Abolição da Escravatura (ONU)
(International Day for Abolition of Slavery). This day marks the adoption, by the UN General Assembly, of the UN Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of others (Resolution 317(IV) of 2 December 1949). Even now, about 21 million women, men, and children are enslaved all over the world. On 2 December 1859, John Brown, radical abolitionist of slavery, was hanged in Charles Town, Virginia (USA). He was found guilty of treason against the state of Virginia. Brown believed that armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in he USA. He was captured while he participated in an failed raid on a federal armory. His execution eventually led to the American Civil War, which started in 1861.
‘No, not tired; but don’t keep me waiting longer than necessary’ – John Brown’s words at the time of his execution.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1825 Birth of D. Pedro II
Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga was born in the Palace of São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro. His mother was Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Austria, daughter of Franz II, the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. His father was Dom Pedro I, who had declared Brazilian independence in 1822. In 1831, he suddenly abdicated and left for Portugal, leaving his five-year-old son with the heavy burden of a fragile Brazilian empire. Pedro II eventually managed to transform Brazil in a stable parliamentary monarchy, and was very popular among Brazilians. However, a group of military leaders overthrew the emperor and exiled him. Pedro died two years later, in Paris.
1837 Creation of Colégio D. Pedro II, in Rio de Janeiro
In the former Seminário de São Joaquim, the public school was founded, on the twelfth birthday of Dom Pedro II. Its first campus is still functioning. At present more than twelve thousand students study in one of the twelve campuses in Rio and neighboring cities. Some famous teachers were: Euclides da Cunha, Heitor Villa-Lobos, and Manuel Bandeira. Some famous students were: Floriano Peixoto, Joaquim Nabuco, Nilo Peçanha, Washington Luis, Noel Rosa, Oswaldo Cruz, Mário Lago, and Cássia Eller.
1720 Creation of the capitania de Minas Gerais, gaining independence from São Paulo
D. Lourenço de Almeida was appointed as the first governor.
1870 Premiere of the opera ‘O Guarani’, after the script by Carlos Gomes, in Rio de Janeiro
The premiere was held in Teatro Lírico Fluminense, on the birthday of emperor Dom Pedro II.
1945 Realization of elections for the appointment of deputies in Assembléia Constituinte (Constitutional Assembly)
1937 Getúlio Vargas banned all political parties, per decree nº 37.
1945
Eurico Gaspar Dutra elected President of Brazil by popular vote.
PSD gained a majority in the Constituinte (Constitutional Assembly) .
((Married) Couple). Without a clear reference. Quite familiar are the so-called Ten Commandments for the Couple:
1. Nunca irritar-se ao mesmo tempo
2. Nunca gritar um com o outro3. Se alguém deve ganhar na discussão, deixar que seja o outro
4. Se for inevitável chamar a atenção, fazê-lo com amor
5. Nunca jogar no rosto do outro os erros do passado
6. A displicência com qualquer pessoa é tolerável, menos com o cônjuge
7. Nunca ir dormir sem ter chegado a um acordo
8. Pelo menos uma vez ao dia, dizer ao outro uma palavra carinhosa
9. Cometendo um erro, saber admiti-lo e pedir desculpas
10. Quando um não quer, dois não brigam
Dia do Imigrante
(Migrant).
Dia do Folclorista Luso-brasileiro
(Portuguese-Brazilian Folklore).
Dia do Numismata
(Numismatics).
Dia do tratado de Santo Ildefonso (1777)
(Treaty of Santo Ildefonso).
Dia Mundial da Luta Contra a AIDS
(World AIDS Day).
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1822 Coronation of Pedro I as Emperor of Brazil.
1902 Publication of the book “Os Sertões”, by Euclides da Cunha.
1933 Publication of the book “Casa Grande e Senzala” by Gilberto Freire
1822 Creation of the Imperial Honor Guard.
The Imperial Honor Guard was created by Emperor Dom Pedro I, and was dissolved in 1831, following Dom Pedro’s abdication. The honor guard regiment was recreated in 1926 by the Brazilian Congress, and now escorts the president at official ceremonies.
1938 Creation of Gabinete Civil (Civil Cabinet)
1938 Creation of Gabinete Militar (Military Cabinet)
1822 Institution of Ordem Imperial do Cruzeiro.
Imperial Order of the Southern Cross.
1640 Restoration of Portuguese independence, after 60 years of Spanish dominance.
Dom João IV de Bragança proclaimed King of Portugal.
1976 Launch of the movie ‘Dona Flor e Seus Dois Maridos‘, with Sônia Braga and José Wilker.
1994 Surfer Ludemilson Gomes de Lima killed by shark attack at the coast in the state of Pernambuco.
Ludemilson was the first deadly victim, by a shark attack, in Brazil.
