Braziliaanse Dagen (309): 5 november

Brazilian Days 309

November 5

.

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Designer

(Designer). The day was established in 1998, per decree by President Fernando Cardoso. The day is a homage to the birth date of Aloísio Magalhães, born in Recife in 1927. He studied law, but dedicated himself in arts and design. Aloísio is considered as a pioneer in Brazilian design. For instance, he was responsible for the visual identity of the Petrobrás logo, one design of a banknote, and the first logo of TV channel Globo. He founded the first Design Academy in Brazil, was secretary of Culture and Education (MEC), and was director of IPHAN, the Brazilian Heritage Institute. In 1982, he died in Padua (Italy), when he assumed the chairmanship of the meeting of the ministers of Culture from Latin-America. The International Design Day is on 27 March.

  

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Dia do Rádio Amador

(Radio amateur). Until 1968, the ‘Dia do Amador’ was held on 22 October. An elaborate study revealed that it was more suitable to celebrate the day on 5 November: to commemorate the publication of Decree nº 16.657 in 1924. With this decree, issued by President Arthur Bernardes, legalized the existing amateur radio stations. On 22 October 1934, a general assembly was realized in which the radio amateurs from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were united in the Liga de Amadores Brasileiros de Rádio Emissão (LABRE: Brazilian Amateur Radio Broadcast League). The World Radio Amateur is held on 18 April, to commemorate the creation of the IARU, the International Amateur Radio Union in 1925.

---

Dia do Cinema Brasileiro

(Brazilian Cinema). A confusing date, since the day of Brazilian Cinema is already held on 19 June. On that day, in 1898, the first film in Brazil was exhibited, in Rio de Janeiro. The day of 5 November is to commemorate the day of the death of Humberto Mauro (1897-1983), one of Brazil’s greatest film directors. In the period between 1925 and 1952, he realized 13 movies, including Ganga Brutra, Brasa Dormida and O Descobrimento do Brasil.

---

Dia do Escrivão de Polícia

(Police Clerk). The various police organizations have their own police clerks. Candidates must enter a ‘Concurso Público’ (‘Public Exam’), in which they must demonstrate their knowledge of Portuguese, writing skills, penal law, penal law procedures, constitutional law, administrative law, human rights, and informatics.

---

Dia do Técnico em Prótese Dentária

(Dental technician). This day was established by Lei federal (federal law) Nº 6.710 in 1979, in which the profession of dental technician was regulated.

---

Dia do Técnico em Eletrônica

(Electronics Technician). This day was established by law, Lei nº 4.265 in 1984, referring to the promulgation of Lei nº 5.524, which regularized the profession of industrial technician in Brazil.

---

Dia Nacional da Cultura e da Ciência

(Brazilian Day of Culture and Science). This day was established on 19 May 1970, by Lei (law) Nº 5.579, to commemorate the birth of Brazilian writer, jurist and politician Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira in 1849. He was a strong defender of the abolition of slavery; as minister of Treasury he approved the destruction of the government files related to slavery (to erase the ‘stain’ of slavery in Brazilian history. Ruy Barbosa was one of the writers of the first constitution of the new republic.

 

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1983
Death of movie director Humberto Mauro

Humberto Mauro (1897-1983), is considered as one of Brazil’s greatest film directors. In the period between 1925 and 1952, he realized 13 movies, including Ganga Brutra, Brasa Dormida and O Descobrimento do Brasil.

 

---

1849
Birth of Rui Barbosa

Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira was born on 5 November 1849 in Salvador (BA). Already at very young age, Ruy showed his brilliance. Already in 1870, he graduated in Law. Two years later, Ruy worked for a newspaper. In 1878, he was elected Deputy. In 1889, when the republic was founded, he was appointed as minister of Treasury. A revolt in 1893 forced Ruy to go into exile. He was four times presidential candidate, in 1893, in 1905, in 1913, and in 1919. In 1907, Ruy represented Brazil in the Peace Conference in The Hague, the Netherlands. As a writer, he was one of the founders of Academia Brasileira de Letras (Brazilian Academy of Letters). Ruy died on 1 March 1923, due to the consequences of pulmonary edema.

  

---

1897
Murder attempt on President Prudente de Morais

Carlos Machado Bittencourt (1840-1897) was appointed as minister of War by president Prudente de Morais in 1897. Marshal Carlos had been successful in the pacification of the Canudos Insurrection in Bahia, which was started in 1896. He returned to Rio de Janeiro and during the official reception of the Canudos veterans, Marcelino Bispo de Melo, an ally of Canudos leader Antônio Conselheiro, tried to kill the president with a so-called garrucha (pistol). He failed, continued his murder attempt with a knife. Carlos intervened in an attempt to save the life of the president, and suffered various cuts. Marcelino was captured and apparently had committed suicide a few months later. In 1940, Carlos was named as patron of the Intendancy of the Brazilian Army.

“Ferido profundamente em meus sentimentos de homem e de brasileiro, pelo atentado contra mim premeditado e que vitimou um dos mais dedicados servidores da nação, o bravo Marechal Carlos Machado Bittencourt, devo afirmar de modo o mais solene que esse horroroso crime não terá o efeito de demover-me, uma só linha, do cumprimento da minha missão constitucional”. Prudente de Morais

---

1982
Inauguration of hydro-electric power station Itaipu

The gigantic dam, at the border between Brazil and Paraguay, was inaugurated by President João Figueiredo of Brazil and President Alfredo Stroessner of Paraguay, in the presence of five thousand people, who were seated on the tribunes at both margins of the Paraná River.

  

---

1826
Inauguration of Escola de Belas Artes in Rio de Janeiro

The Academia Imperial de Belas Artes was founded by Dom João VI on 12 August 1816. Shortly after Brazil’s independence, the School was moved to Travessa do Sacramento in downtown Rio, on 5 November 1826. The edifice, designed by Grandjean de Montigny, was demolished in 1938; now only the facade reminds of the Academia.

  

---

1997
Privatization of Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz

Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, the major private electric energy generator and provider in Brazil (serving 18 million customers in the states of São Paulo, Paraná, and Minas Gerais), was founded on 16 November 1912. The company, was sold by the state of São Paulo to the VBC Group (Votorantim, Bradesco e Camargo Corrêa).

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Braziliaanse Dagen (295): 22 oktober

Brazilian Days 295

October 22

.

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Paraquedista

(Parachutist). On 22 October 1797, Frenchman André-Jacques Garnerin (1769-1823) made the first successful parachute jump, from a balloon at an altitude of 670 meters, in Paris. The balloon was constructed according to a model of Leonardo da Vinci. In London, he jumped from an altitude of 2400 meters.

   

PARACHUTISM
Feliz Dia Do Paraquedista!	Programa Expressão – Dia Do Paraquedista

Bold Garnerin went up

Which increased his Repute

And came safe to earth

In his Grand Parachute.

---

Dia da Praça

(Square). The day is listed in any calendar, but little attention is paid to this event.

---

Dia do Radioamador

(Radio amateur). Until 1968, 22 October was the Brazilian Day of the Radio Amateur. this day was to commemorate the foundation of Liga de Amadores Brasileiros de Rádio Emissão (LABRE; Brazilian Radio Amateurs League) in 1934. From 1968, the day was moved to 5 November, to commemorate the publication of Decree 16,657, which regulated the stations of existing radio amateurs in Brazil, which were considered to be illegal until then. The International Radio Amateur Day is on 18 April, the foundation day of the IARU: International Amateur Radio Union (1925).

 

---

Dia Internacional de Atenção à Gagueira

(International Stuttering Awareness Day). This day was introduced in 1998, by the International Stuttering Association. Millions of people worldwide have speech disorder or stuttering. It is estimated that about ten million Brazilians have to deal with some form of stuttering in lifetime. Of them, about two million suffer a chronic form of stuttering (which can last months or years).

Themes for 2012 are:

Tenho muito a dizer

A Voice and Something to Say

STUTTERING
Stammering and International Stuttering Awareness Day (ISAD)	DIA MUNDIAL DE ATENÇÃO À GAGUEIRA

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1908
Death of playwright, poet, journalist and writer Artur de Azevedo (1855-1908)

Artur was born on 7 July 1855 in São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão. At young age, Artur showed interest for theater, and already in 1872, he published his first theater piece: Amor por Anexins. He was fired when he published satirical work directed against the government. Artur moved to Rio de Janeiro, to work there as an amanuensis. He also became Portuguese teacher and started his journalist career as a theater critic. Artur wrote numerous articles, mainly about theater. His theater pieces ‘Véspera de Reis‘ and ‘A Capital Federal‘. He was the older brother of writer Aluísio Azevedo. They both were members of the Brazilian Academy of Literature (29th and 4th seat, respectively).

 

 

ARTUR AZEVEDO
AUDIOLIVRO: Contos diversos de Artur Azevedo	AUDIOLIVRO: “Amor por anexins”, de Artur de Azevedo
Artur de Azevedo – Como o Diabo as arma (audiobook).	Artur de Azevedo – A filosofia do Mendes (audiobook).

---

1954
Death of journalist and poet Oswald de Andrade (1890-1954)

José Oswald de Andrade Souza was born on 11 January 1890 in São Paulo. At early age, Oswald became fascinated with the new technological advances, such as the radio, the cinema, the electrical tram. In 1912, he made his first of various travels to Europe. Oswald was one of the founders of Brazilian Modernism, In 1922, he participated in the Semana de Arte Moderna (Week of Modern Art) which marked the start of Modernism in Brazil. Oswald is widely known for his criticisms of Brazilian nationalism. His manifest ‘Manifesto Antrópofago‘ (1928) criticizes Brazilian cannibalism of other cultures, as a way for Brazil to assert itself against European post-colonial cultural domination. ‘Tupi or not Tupi, that is the question’ (referring to the cannibalist Tupi indian tribe), has become an iconic line.

 

OSWALD DE ANDRADE
Oswald de Andrade – Completo.	Oswald de Andrade
Semana de Arte Moderna	SALA DE LEITURA – Manifesto Antropófago – Oswald de Andrade

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1807
Secret agreement that allowed the move of the Portuguese Crown to Brazil.

---

1912
Start of the Contestado War (1912-1916)

The Guerra do Contestado occurred in the southern states of Santa Catarina and Paraná, between settler and land owners. The latter were backed by governmental forces. Construction of a railroad from São Paulo to .Rio Grande de Sul generated disputes about the ownership of the margins along the railroad. When the construction was ended, railroad workers became jobless, whereas the land flanking the railroad was claimed by the railroad company. Social unrest and rebellion followed, in an area that was disputed by the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Government troops were sent to suppress the rebellion, but they met fierce resistance. As a result, there were bloody confrontations, with the rebels gaining some terrain. The Federal Government sent General Setembrino de Carvalho to pacify the region at any cost. Complete villages were destroyed, the rebellions were slaughtered. Only in August 1916, with the capture of the rebellion leader, Adeodato, the war was ended. As a result, an agreement was reached about the border between the two southern states.

 

 

CONTESTADO WAR
Guerra do Contestado I	Guerra do Contestado II
Historia do Brasil – Guerra do Contestado ( Sobreviventes ) PART 1	Historia do Brasil – Guerra do Contestado ( Sobreviventes ) PART 2
Guerra do Contestado – Programa “Meu Paraná” – RPC	Guerra do contestado
A Guerra dos Pelados (Guerra do Contestado)	O Contestado – Restos Mortais

By  Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

.

Braziliaanse Dagen (309): 5 november

Brazilian Days 309

November 5

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Designer

(Designer). The day was established in 1998, per decree by President Fernando Cardoso. The day is a homage to the birth date of Aloísio Magalhães, born in Recife in 1927. He studied law, but dedicated himself in arts and design. Aloísio is considered as a pioneer in Brazilian design. For instance, he was responsible for the visual identity of the Petrobrás logo, one design of a banknote, and the first logo of TV channel Globo. He founded the first Design Academy in Brazil, was secretary of Culture and Education (MEC), and was director of IPHAN, the Brazilian Heritage Institute. In 1982, he died in Padua (Italy), when he assumed the chairmanship of the meeting of the ministers of Culture from Latin-America. The International Design Day is on 27 March.

  

---

Dia do Rádio Amador

(Radio amateur). Until 1968, the ‘Dia do Amador’ was held on 22 October. An elaborate study revealed that it was more suitable to celebrate the day on 5 November: to commemorate the publication of Decree nº 16.657 in 1924. With this decree, issued by President Arthur Bernardes, legalized the existing amateur radio stations. On 22 October 1934, a general assembly was realized in which the radio amateurs from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were united in the Liga de Amadores Brasileiros de Rádio Emissão (LABRE: Brazilian Amateur Radio Broadcast League). The World Radio Amateur is held on 18 April, to commemorate the creation of the IARU, the International Amateur Radio Union in 1925.

---

Dia do Cinema Brasileiro

(Brazilian Cinema). A confusing date, since the day of Brazilian Cinema is already held on 19 June. On that day, in 1898, the first film in Brazil was exhibited, in Rio de Janeiro. The day of 5 November is to commemorate the day of the death of Humberto Mauro (1897-1983), one of Brazil’s greatest film directors. In the period between 1925 and 1952, he realized 13 movies, including Ganga Brutra, Brasa Dormida and O Descobrimento do Brasil.

---

Dia do Escrivão de Polícia

(Police Clerk). The various police organizations have their own police clerks. Candidates must enter a ‘Concurso Público’ (‘Public Exam’), in which they must demonstrate their knowledge of Portuguese, writing skills, penal law, penal law procedures, constitutional law, administrative law, human rights, and informatics.

---

Dia do Técnico em Prótese Dentária

(Dental technician). This day was established by Lei federal (federal law) Nº 6.710 in 1979, in which the profession of dental technician was regulated.

---

Dia do Técnico em Eletrônica

(Electronics Technician). This day was established by law, Lei nº 4.265 in 1984, referring to the promulgation of Lei nº 5.524, which regularized the profession of industrial technician in Brazil.

---

Dia Nacional da Cultura e da Ciência

(Brazilian Day of Culture and Science). This day was established on 19 May 1970, by Lei (law) Nº 5.579, to commemorate the birth of Brazilian writer, jurist and politician Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira in 1849. He was a strong defender of the abolition of slavery; as minister of Treasury he approved the destruction of the government files related to slavery (to erase the ‘stain’ of slavery in Brazilian history. Ruy Barbosa was one of the writers of the first constitution of the new republic.

 

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1983
Death of movie director Humberto Mauro

Humberto Mauro (1897-1983), is considered as one of Brazil’s greatest film directors. In the period between 1925 and 1952, he realized 13 movies, including Ganga Brutra, Brasa Dormida and O Descobrimento do Brasil.

 

---

1849
Birth of Rui Barbosa

Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira was born on 5 November 1849 in Salvador (BA). Already at very young age, Ruy showed his brilliance. Already in 1870, he graduated in Law. Two years later, Ruy worked for a newspaper. In 1878, he was elected Deputy. In 1889, when the republic was founded, he was appointed as minister of Treasury. A revolt in 1893 forced Ruy to go into exile. He was four times presidential candidate, in 1893, in 1905, in 1913, and in 1919. In 1907, Ruy represented Brazil in the Peace Conference in The Hague, the Netherlands. As a writer, he was one of the founders of Academia Brasileira de Letras (Brazilian Academy of Letters). Ruy died on 1 March 1923, due to the consequences of pulmonary edema.

  

---

1897
Murder attempt on President Prudente de Morais

Carlos Machado Bittencourt (1840-1897) was appointed as minister of War by president Prudente de Morais in 1897. Marshal Carlos had been successful in the pacification of the Canudos Insurrection in Bahia, which was started in 1896. He returned to Rio de Janeiro and during the official reception of the Canudos veterans, Marcelino Bispo de Melo, an ally of Canudos leader Antônio Conselheiro, tried to kill the president with a so-called garrucha (pistol). He failed, continued his murder attempt with a knife. Carlos intervened in an attempt to save the life of the president, and suffered various cuts. Marcelino was captured and apparently had committed suicide a few months later. In 1940, Carlos was named as patron of the Intendancy of the Brazilian Army.

“Ferido profundamente em meus sentimentos de homem e de brasileiro, pelo atentado contra mim premeditado e que vitimou um dos mais dedicados servidores da nação, o bravo Marechal Carlos Machado Bittencourt, devo afirmar de modo o mais solene que esse horroroso crime não terá o efeito de demover-me, uma só linha, do cumprimento da minha missão constitucional”. Prudente de Morais

---

1982
Inauguration of hydro-electric power station Itaipu

The gigantic dam, at the border between Brazil and Paraguay, was inaugurated by President João Figueiredo of Brazil and President Alfredo Stroessner of Paraguay, in the presence of five thousand people, who were seated on the tribunes at both margins of the Paraná River.

  

---

1826
Inauguration of Escola de Belas Artes in Rio de Janeiro

The Academia Imperial de Belas Artes was founded by Dom João VI on 12 August 1816. Shortly after Brazil’s independence, the School was moved to Travessa do Sacramento in downtown Rio, on 5 November 1826. The edifice, designed by Grandjean de Montigny, was demolished in 1938; now only the facade reminds of the Academia.

  

---

1997
Privatization of Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz

Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, the major private electric energy generator and provider in Brazil (serving 18 million customers in the states of São Paulo, Paraná, and Minas Gerais), was founded on 16 November 1912. The company, was sold by the state of São Paulo to the VBC Group (Votorantim, Bradesco e Camargo Corrêa).

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Braziliaanse Dagen (295): 22 oktober

Brazilian Days 295

October 22

.

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DAY OF:

---

Dia do Paraquedista

(Parachutist). On 22 October 1797, Frenchman André-Jacques Garnerin (1769-1823) made the first successful parachute jump, from a balloon at an altitude of 670 meters, in Paris. The balloon was constructed according to a model of Leonardo da Vinci. In London, he jumped from an altitude of 2400 meters.

   

PARACHUTISM
Feliz Dia Do Paraquedista!	Programa Expressão – Dia Do Paraquedista

Bold Garnerin went up

Which increased his Repute

And came safe to earth

In his Grand Parachute.

---

Dia da Praça

(Square). The day is listed in any calendar, but little attention is paid to this event.

---

Dia do Radioamador

(Radio amateur). Until 1968, 22 October was the Brazilian Day of the Radio Amateur. this day was to commemorate the foundation of Liga de Amadores Brasileiros de Rádio Emissão (LABRE; Brazilian Radio Amateurs League) in 1934. From 1968, the day was moved to 5 November, to commemorate the publication of Decree 16,657, which regulated the stations of existing radio amateurs in Brazil, which were considered to be illegal until then. The International Radio Amateur Day is on 18 April, the foundation day of the IARU: International Amateur Radio Union (1925).

 

---

Dia Internacional de Atenção à Gagueira

(International Stuttering Awareness Day). This day was introduced in 1998, by the International Stuttering Association. Millions of people worldwide have speech disorder or stuttering. It is estimated that about ten million Brazilians have to deal with some form of stuttering in lifetime. Of them, about two million suffer a chronic form of stuttering (which can last months or years).

Themes for 2012 are:

Tenho muito a dizer

A Voice and Something to Say

STUTTERING
Stammering and International Stuttering Awareness Day (ISAD)	DIA MUNDIAL DE ATENÇÃO À GAGUEIRA

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1908
Death of playwright, poet, journalist and writer Artur de Azevedo (1855-1908)

Artur was born on 7 July 1855 in São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão. At young age, Artur showed interest for theater, and already in 1872, he published his first theater piece: Amor por Anexins. He was fired when he published satirical work directed against the government. Artur moved to Rio de Janeiro, to work there as an amanuensis. He also became Portuguese teacher and started his journalist career as a theater critic. Artur wrote numerous articles, mainly about theater. His theater pieces ‘Véspera de Reis‘ and ‘A Capital Federal‘. He was the older brother of writer Aluísio Azevedo. They both were members of the Brazilian Academy of Literature (29th and 4th seat, respectively).

 

 

ARTUR AZEVEDO
AUDIOLIVRO: Contos diversos de Artur Azevedo	AUDIOLIVRO: “Amor por anexins”, de Artur de Azevedo
Artur de Azevedo – Como o Diabo as arma (audiobook).	Artur de Azevedo – A filosofia do Mendes (audiobook).

---

1954
Death of journalist and poet Oswald de Andrade (1890-1954)

José Oswald de Andrade Souza was born on 11 January 1890 in São Paulo. At early age, Oswald became fascinated with the new technological advances, such as the radio, the cinema, the electrical tram. In 1912, he made his first of various travels to Europe. Oswald was one of the founders of Brazilian Modernism, In 1922, he participated in the Semana de Arte Moderna (Week of Modern Art) which marked the start of Modernism in Brazil. Oswald is widely known for his criticisms of Brazilian nationalism. His manifest ‘Manifesto Antrópofago‘ (1928) criticizes Brazilian cannibalism of other cultures, as a way for Brazil to assert itself against European post-colonial cultural domination. ‘Tupi or not Tupi, that is the question’ (referring to the cannibalist Tupi indian tribe), has become an iconic line.

 

OSWALD DE ANDRADE
Oswald de Andrade – Completo.	Oswald de Andrade
Semana de Arte Moderna	SALA DE LEITURA – Manifesto Antropófago – Oswald de Andrade

---

1807
Secret agreement that allowed the move of the Portuguese Crown to Brazil.

---

1912
Start of the Contestado War (1912-1916)

The Guerra do Contestado occurred in the southern states of Santa Catarina and Paraná, between settler and land owners. The latter were backed by governmental forces. Construction of a railroad from São Paulo to .Rio Grande de Sul generated disputes about the ownership of the margins along the railroad. When the construction was ended, railroad workers became jobless, whereas the land flanking the railroad was claimed by the railroad company. Social unrest and rebellion followed, in an area that was disputed by the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Government troops were sent to suppress the rebellion, but they met fierce resistance. As a result, there were bloody confrontations, with the rebels gaining some terrain. The Federal Government sent General Setembrino de Carvalho to pacify the region at any cost. Complete villages were destroyed, the rebellions were slaughtered. Only in August 1916, with the capture of the rebellion leader, Adeodato, the war was ended. As a result, an agreement was reached about the border between the two southern states.

 

 

CONTESTADO WAR
Guerra do Contestado I	Guerra do Contestado II
Historia do Brasil – Guerra do Contestado ( Sobreviventes ) PART 1	Historia do Brasil – Guerra do Contestado ( Sobreviventes ) PART 2
Guerra do Contestado – Programa “Meu Paraná” – RPC	Guerra do contestado
A Guerra dos Pelados (Guerra do Contestado)	O Contestado – Restos Mortais

By  Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

.

Braziliaanse Dagen (309): 5 november

Brazilian Days 309

November 5

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Designer

(Designer). The day was established in 1998, per decree by President Fernando Cardoso. The day is a homage to the birth date of Aloísio Magalhães, born in Recife in 1927. He studied law, but dedicated himself in arts and design. Aloísio is considered as a pioneer in Brazilian design. For instance, he was responsible for the visual identity of the Petrobrás logo, one design of a banknote, and the first logo of TV channel Globo. He founded the first Design Academy in Brazil, was secretary of Culture and Education (MEC), and was director of IPHAN, the Brazilian Heritage Institute. In 1982, he died in Padua (Italy), when he assumed the chairmanship of the meeting of the ministers of Culture from Latin-America. The International Design Day is on 27 March.

  

---

Dia do Rádio Amador

(Radio amateur). Until 1968, the ‘Dia do Amador’ was held on 22 October. An elaborate study revealed that it was more suitable to celebrate the day on 5 November: to commemorate the publication of Decree nº 16.657 in 1924. With this decree, issued by President Arthur Bernardes, legalized the existing amateur radio stations. On 22 October 1934, a general assembly was realized in which the radio amateurs from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were united in the Liga de Amadores Brasileiros de Rádio Emissão (LABRE: Brazilian Amateur Radio Broadcast League). The World Radio Amateur is held on 18 April, to commemorate the creation of the IARU, the International Amateur Radio Union in 1925.

---

Dia do Cinema Brasileiro

(Brazilian Cinema). A confusing date, since the day of Brazilian Cinema is already held on 19 June. On that day, in 1898, the first film in Brazil was exhibited, in Rio de Janeiro. The day of 5 November is to commemorate the day of the death of Humberto Mauro (1897-1983), one of Brazil’s greatest film directors. In the period between 1925 and 1952, he realized 13 movies, including Ganga Brutra, Brasa Dormida and O Descobrimento do Brasil.

---

Dia do Escrivão de Polícia

(Police Clerk). The various police organizations have their own police clerks. Candidates must enter a ‘Concurso Público’ (‘Public Exam’), in which they must demonstrate their knowledge of Portuguese, writing skills, penal law, penal law procedures, constitutional law, administrative law, human rights, and informatics.

---

Dia do Técnico em Prótese Dentária

(Dental technician). This day was established by Lei federal (federal law) Nº 6.710 in 1979, in which the profession of dental technician was regulated.

---

Dia do Técnico em Eletrônica

(Electronics Technician). This day was established by law, Lei nº 4.265 in 1984, referring to the promulgation of Lei nº 5.524, which regularized the profession of industrial technician in Brazil.

---

Dia Nacional da Cultura e da Ciência

(Brazilian Day of Culture and Science). This day was established on 19 May 1970, by Lei (law) Nº 5.579, to commemorate the birth of Brazilian writer, jurist and politician Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira in 1849. He was a strong defender of the abolition of slavery; as minister of Treasury he approved the destruction of the government files related to slavery (to erase the ‘stain’ of slavery in Brazilian history. Ruy Barbosa was one of the writers of the first constitution of the new republic.

 

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1983
Death of movie director Humberto Mauro

Humberto Mauro (1897-1983), is considered as one of Brazil’s greatest film directors. In the period between 1925 and 1952, he realized 13 movies, including Ganga Brutra, Brasa Dormida and O Descobrimento do Brasil.

 

---

1849
Birth of Rui Barbosa

Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira was born on 5 November 1849 in Salvador (BA). Already at very young age, Ruy showed his brilliance. Already in 1870, he graduated in Law. Two years later, Ruy worked for a newspaper. In 1878, he was elected Deputy. In 1889, when the republic was founded, he was appointed as minister of Treasury. A revolt in 1893 forced Ruy to go into exile. He was four times presidential candidate, in 1893, in 1905, in 1913, and in 1919. In 1907, Ruy represented Brazil in the Peace Conference in The Hague, the Netherlands. As a writer, he was one of the founders of Academia Brasileira de Letras (Brazilian Academy of Letters). Ruy died on 1 March 1923, due to the consequences of pulmonary edema.

  

---

1897
Murder attempt on President Prudente de Morais

Carlos Machado Bittencourt (1840-1897) was appointed as minister of War by president Prudente de Morais in 1897. Marshal Carlos had been successful in the pacification of the Canudos Insurrection in Bahia, which was started in 1896. He returned to Rio de Janeiro and during the official reception of the Canudos veterans, Marcelino Bispo de Melo, an ally of Canudos leader Antônio Conselheiro, tried to kill the president with a so-called garrucha (pistol). He failed, continued his murder attempt with a knife. Carlos intervened in an attempt to save the life of the president, and suffered various cuts. Marcelino was captured and apparently had committed suicide a few months later. In 1940, Carlos was named as patron of the Intendancy of the Brazilian Army.

“Ferido profundamente em meus sentimentos de homem e de brasileiro, pelo atentado contra mim premeditado e que vitimou um dos mais dedicados servidores da nação, o bravo Marechal Carlos Machado Bittencourt, devo afirmar de modo o mais solene que esse horroroso crime não terá o efeito de demover-me, uma só linha, do cumprimento da minha missão constitucional”. Prudente de Morais

---

1982
Inauguration of hydro-electric power station Itaipu

The gigantic dam, at the border between Brazil and Paraguay, was inaugurated by President João Figueiredo of Brazil and President Alfredo Stroessner of Paraguay, in the presence of five thousand people, who were seated on the tribunes at both margins of the Paraná River.

  

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1826
Inauguration of Escola de Belas Artes in Rio de Janeiro

The Academia Imperial de Belas Artes was founded by Dom João VI on 12 August 1816. Shortly after Brazil’s independence, the School was moved to Travessa do Sacramento in downtown Rio, on 5 November 1826. The edifice, designed by Grandjean de Montigny, was demolished in 1938; now only the facade reminds of the Academia.

  

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1997
Privatization of Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz

Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz, the major private electric energy generator and provider in Brazil (serving 18 million customers in the states of São Paulo, Paraná, and Minas Gerais), was founded on 16 November 1912. The company, was sold by the state of São Paulo to the VBC Group (Votorantim, Bradesco e Camargo Corrêa).

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Braziliaanse Dagen (295): 22 oktober

Brazilian Days 295

October 22

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Paraquedista

(Parachutist). On 22 October 1797, Frenchman André-Jacques Garnerin (1769-1823) made the first successful parachute jump, from a balloon at an altitude of 670 meters, in Paris. The balloon was constructed according to a model of Leonardo da Vinci. In London, he jumped from an altitude of 2400 meters.

   

PARACHUTISM
Feliz Dia Do Paraquedista!	Programa Expressão – Dia Do Paraquedista

Bold Garnerin went up

Which increased his Repute

And came safe to earth

In his Grand Parachute.

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Dia da Praça

(Square). The day is listed in any calendar, but little attention is paid to this event.

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Dia do Radioamador

(Radio amateur). Until 1968, 22 October was the Brazilian Day of the Radio Amateur. this day was to commemorate the foundation of Liga de Amadores Brasileiros de Rádio Emissão (LABRE; Brazilian Radio Amateurs League) in 1934. From 1968, the day was moved to 5 November, to commemorate the publication of Decree 16,657, which regulated the stations of existing radio amateurs in Brazil, which were considered to be illegal until then. The International Radio Amateur Day is on 18 April, the foundation day of the IARU: International Amateur Radio Union (1925).

 

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Dia Internacional de Atenção à Gagueira

(International Stuttering Awareness Day). This day was introduced in 1998, by the International Stuttering Association. Millions of people worldwide have speech disorder or stuttering. It is estimated that about ten million Brazilians have to deal with some form of stuttering in lifetime. Of them, about two million suffer a chronic form of stuttering (which can last months or years).

Themes for 2012 are:

Tenho muito a dizer

A Voice and Something to Say

STUTTERING
Stammering and International Stuttering Awareness Day (ISAD)	DIA MUNDIAL DE ATENÇÃO À GAGUEIRA

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1908
Death of playwright, poet, journalist and writer Artur de Azevedo (1855-1908)

Artur was born on 7 July 1855 in São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão. At young age, Artur showed interest for theater, and already in 1872, he published his first theater piece: Amor por Anexins. He was fired when he published satirical work directed against the government. Artur moved to Rio de Janeiro, to work there as an amanuensis. He also became Portuguese teacher and started his journalist career as a theater critic. Artur wrote numerous articles, mainly about theater. His theater pieces ‘Véspera de Reis‘ and ‘A Capital Federal‘. He was the older brother of writer Aluísio Azevedo. They both were members of the Brazilian Academy of Literature (29th and 4th seat, respectively).

 

 

ARTUR AZEVEDO
AUDIOLIVRO: Contos diversos de Artur Azevedo	AUDIOLIVRO: “Amor por anexins”, de Artur de Azevedo
Artur de Azevedo – Como o Diabo as arma (audiobook).	Artur de Azevedo – A filosofia do Mendes (audiobook).

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1954
Death of journalist and poet Oswald de Andrade (1890-1954)

José Oswald de Andrade Souza was born on 11 January 1890 in São Paulo. At early age, Oswald became fascinated with the new technological advances, such as the radio, the cinema, the electrical tram. In 1912, he made his first of various travels to Europe. Oswald was one of the founders of Brazilian Modernism, In 1922, he participated in the Semana de Arte Moderna (Week of Modern Art) which marked the start of Modernism in Brazil. Oswald is widely known for his criticisms of Brazilian nationalism. His manifest ‘Manifesto Antrópofago‘ (1928) criticizes Brazilian cannibalism of other cultures, as a way for Brazil to assert itself against European post-colonial cultural domination. ‘Tupi or not Tupi, that is the question’ (referring to the cannibalist Tupi indian tribe), has become an iconic line.

 

OSWALD DE ANDRADE
Oswald de Andrade – Completo.	Oswald de Andrade
Semana de Arte Moderna	SALA DE LEITURA – Manifesto Antropófago – Oswald de Andrade

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1807
Secret agreement that allowed the move of the Portuguese Crown to Brazil.

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1912
Start of the Contestado War (1912-1916)

The Guerra do Contestado occurred in the southern states of Santa Catarina and Paraná, between settler and land owners. The latter were backed by governmental forces. Construction of a railroad from São Paulo to .Rio Grande de Sul generated disputes about the ownership of the margins along the railroad. When the construction was ended, railroad workers became jobless, whereas the land flanking the railroad was claimed by the railroad company. Social unrest and rebellion followed, in an area that was disputed by the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Government troops were sent to suppress the rebellion, but they met fierce resistance. As a result, there were bloody confrontations, with the rebels gaining some terrain. The Federal Government sent General Setembrino de Carvalho to pacify the region at any cost. Complete villages were destroyed, the rebellions were slaughtered. Only in August 1916, with the capture of the rebellion leader, Adeodato, the war was ended. As a result, an agreement was reached about the border between the two southern states.

 

 

CONTESTADO WAR
Guerra do Contestado I	Guerra do Contestado II
Historia do Brasil – Guerra do Contestado ( Sobreviventes ) PART 1	Historia do Brasil – Guerra do Contestado ( Sobreviventes ) PART 2
Guerra do Contestado – Programa “Meu Paraná” – RPC	Guerra do contestado
A Guerra dos Pelados (Guerra do Contestado)	O Contestado – Restos Mortais

By  Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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