Sérgio Vieira de Mello

Brazilian Days 231

August 19

.

DAY OF:

Dia do Ator

(Actor). Besides this Dia do Ator, also the Dia do Ator Profissional, the professional actor, exists, on March 27.

Dia do Artista de Teatro

(Theater artist)

Dia Nacional da Aviação Agrícola

(Brazilian Day of Agricultural Aviation). To keep control of the enormous areas of cropland, water lands, and forest, airplanes are essential. On August 19, 1947, Clóvis Candiota (patron of agricultural aviation since 1989) started the first agricultural flight from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. This day was introduced by law in 1989.

Dia do Pernambuco

(Pernambuco). Introduced in 2006. See below.

PERNAMBUCO

Pernambuco. É só Chegar.	Pernambuco – Brazil (English)

Dicionário de pernambuquês	Belezas de Pernambuco

Pernambuco Turismo	SER PERNAMBUCANO É

Pernambuco, um pedacinho do Brasil

Dia Mundial do Fotógrafo e da Fotografia

(World day of the photographer and photography). On August 19, 1839, in front of an enthusiastic crowd at the Académie des Sciences and the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the secrets of the first photographic images were revealed by the romantic painter and engraver Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (1787-1851). Already in January that year, his works were shown: still life of famous locations in Paris, made on a copper sheet, with a layer of polished silver leaf, he so-called daguerréotype. Unfortunately, a great fire in his laboratory destroyed a great part of it: his inventions and notes. Only 25 Daguerréotypes were saved. (See for explanatory video).

YouTube channel: History of Photography (519 videos)

PHOTOGRAPHY

Photo History of the people of Earth 1839 to 1853	Long Gone: Daguerreotypes 1840-1860

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

2003
Death of UN representative Sérgio Vieira de Mello (1948-2003) in Baghdad (Iraq).

Sérgio studied philosophy in Paris. During his studies, he started to work for the United Nations. Since 1981, Sérgio was a rising star. He then became chief adviser of the UN missions, in Cambodia, Rwanda, Kosovo, East Timor, and became High Commissioner of Refugees in 2002; In 2002, Sérgio became special representative in Baghdad, upon personal request of his chief Kofi Annan. Together with Sérgio, more 22 UN workers were killed in a bomb attack.

SÉRGIO VIEIRA DE MELLO

Sergio Vieira de Mello – In memory of…	SERGIO – Trailer #2

1849
Birth of Joaquim Nabuco (1849-1910).

Joaquim Aurélio Barreto Nabuco de Araújo studied law in São Paulo, and continued in Recife. In 1869, he wrote “A escravidão (the slavery)”. There was a lot of commotion when Joaquim defended a black slave, who had killed his master. In 1872, his first book was published: Camões e os Lusíadas. As an elected representative, he defended the rights of the Indians, he condemned the exploration of the Xingú area, and opposed against the arrival of Chinese as substitutes of slaves at the plantations. He named this substitution the ‘Mongolization of our Country‘. Joaquim battled bitterly for the abolition of slavery, until the abolition of it in 1888. In 1869, he was one of the founders of the Brazilian Academy of Literature, and was named as secretary for life. Joaquim also was involved in the dispute of the partition of British Guyana, considered as a defeat for Brazil. He worked as a diplomat in London, and became the first Brazilian ambassador in the United States. He died there, after a long sickbed. Since 2006, his birth date is called the Dia do Pernambuco, thanks to his efforts for this state.

JOAQUIM NABUCO

Joaquim Nabuco (1/4) – De Lá Pra Cá	Joaquim Nabuco (2/4) – De Lá Pra Cá

Joaquim Nabuco (3/4) – De Lá Pra Cá	Joaquim Nabuco (4/4) – De Lá Pra Cá

Diálogo com Joaquim Nabuco

1981
First broadcast of Brazilian TV channel SBT.

SBT, Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão, was founded in 1981, by the very popular presenter Silvio Santos. Silvio (1930, his real name is Senor Abravanel, son of Greek-Turkish migrants) presents, for almost fifty (!) years, a broad scale of TV programs, presumably amusement and family games. his nickname is therefore “O mensageira da alegria, the messenger of the laugh“. The first broadcast of SBT was the registration of the signing ceremony of the contract by Silvio and Brazilian president Ernesto Geisel. SBT suffered losses in the first decade of its existence, despite the growth of its market share. At present SBT claims to be watched by one quarter of Brazilian TV watchers. Almost no one has to be afraid to miss any second of the SBT programs, since the more than 100 satellite dishes guarantee a nationwide coverage of almost 100 percent.

Some curiosities about Silvio: despite his age of 80, he always gets up at six, and does his daily gymnastic routine. Thanks to two plastic surgeries (the most recent dates from 2005), his appearance is much younger. He frequently uses UV treatments, has his hair dyed every two weeks. He is very rich, his personal income is calculated to be 15 million reais per year. SBT has a value of about 1 to 1.5 billion reais, but Silvio only wants to sell his jewel for 2 billion. Besides TV activities, Silvio’s company also is holding a bank, insurances, leasing activities, and credit card administration. Silvio is very popular in Brazil. A poll in 1988 demonstrated that he would have won the presidential elections, if he had be one of the candidates. One year later, he became presidential candidate, but an administrative error blocked his candidacy. Personal drama for Silvio was the sequestration of Silvio and his family in 2001.

SBT

Nascimento do SBT no dia 19 de Agosto de 1981	Homenagem Silvio Santos 80 Anos

Conheça a Próxima Dona do SBT – Patrícia Abravanel	SBT 25 anos – 1ª parte

SBT 25 anos – 2ª parte	SBT 25 anos – 3ª parte

.

Brazilian Days 203

July 22

.

DAY OF:

Dia do Cantor Lírico

(Opera singer). Until the 20th century, castrated men with their high voices were the absolute stars. Among them, Carlo Farineli was one of the most famous. At the end of the 19th century, castration in order to keep the high voice, was forbidden. Famous singers of recent times are amongst others Maria Callas, and Pavarotti, Carreras, Bocelli. The most famous Brazilian opera singer is the soprano Bidu Sayão (1902-1999).

^source

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1960
Formation of the ministries of Energy and Mines (Minas e Energia), and Trade and Industries (Indústria e Comércio).

The latter already has been renamed in the ministry of Development, Industries, and Foreign Trade (Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior).

1951
Palmeiras won the Copa Rio Internacional, after winning the finals against Juventus (ITA).

After the loss of the Brazilian national team in the World Cup final in 1950, the Brazilian soccer association organized an international tournament for national champions. The tournament was held with two groups of four, playing in Rio de Janeiro and in São Paulo. In Rio the participating teams were: Vasco (BRA), Sporting (POR), Austria Wien (AUT), and Nacional (URU). In São Paulo the participating teams were: Palmeiras (BRA), Red Star (YUG), Juventus (ITA), and Nice (FRA). The semi finals were matches between Vasco and Palmeiras, and between Juventus and Austria Wien. Since 2001, Palmeiras had tried having this tournament recognized by the FIFA, as the first world cup for club teams. The FIFA recognized that indeed, in March 2007. But other Brazilian teams followed to fight for their recognition as a world cup winner. At the end of December 2007, FIFA withdrew that decision, and Corinthians (winner of the world cup for club teams in 2000) was declared as the first winner of a world cup for club teams.

WORLD CUP 1951

COPA RIO 1951 – 1° MUNDIAL	Palmeiras-1951 – Campeão ”1º Campeonato Mundial Interclubes

Mundial Palmeirense Copa Rio 1951	Palmeiras, Campeão Mundial 1951

1911
Padre Cícero (1844-1934) elected as major of the newly-created municipality of Juazeiro do Norte (CE).

Padre Cícero Romão Batista was born in Crato (CE) on March 24, 1844. He started his studies at a seminary, and was professed in 1870. At Christmas 1871, Padre Cícero visited Juazeiro for the first time. In 1889, the first miracle occurred, when a host had transformed into blood. This occurrence repeated various times. These miracles created controversy with the Catholic Church, and the father was excommunicated. On July 22, 1911, Padre Cícero became the first mayor of the newly-created Juazeiro, later renamed into Juazeiro do Norte. The father has not been canonized, but is one of the most biographed persons in the world.

More about Padre Cícero

1911
Creation of the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte

Initially, Juazeiro do Norte was a district of nearby Crato, and was called Vila de Tabuleiro Grande. Padre Cícero (See above) was one of the responsible men for the emancipation and independence of Juazeiro do Norte. At present, the city in the southeast of the state of Ceará counts more than 250 thousand inhabitants.

JUAZEIRO DO NORTE

JUAZEIRO DO NORTE – CAPITAL DO CARIRI CEARENSE	JUAZEIRO DO NORTE 2012

Juazeiro do Norte completa 100 anos	JUAZEIRO DO PADRE CÍCERO

2002
Sérgio Vieira de Mello elected as High Commissioner of Human Rights of the United Nations.

Sérgio was born in Rio de Janeiro in 1948, and studied philosophy at Brazilian and European universities. He started his career at the United Nations in 1969. He has worked in many countries, among them is East-Timor. He was responsible for the transitional administration. Then he moved to Bagdad, as a Special Representative. In 2003, Sérgio and 21 others were killed in a bomb blast.

2007
Gold medal for Marcel Stürmer during the Pan American Games (roller skates)

Marcel won the gold medal with free style artistic roller skating. He also won gold in 2003 and in 2011. His best result at the world championships was the second place in 2011.

2007
Gold medal for Emanuel Rego and Ricardo Santos during the Pan American Games (beach volleyball).

Emmanuel won gold medals at the Pan American Games of 2007 and 2011, gold at the Olympic Games 2004, and is three-time world champion. Ricardo won the gold medal at the Pan American Games of 2007, gold at the Olympic Games 2004, and is one-time world champion.

Fragment of the final

2007
Gold medal for Brazilian men’s handball team during the Pan American Game.

Arch rival Argentina was beaten 30-22 in the final.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom
.

Brazilian Days 143

May 23

.

DAY OF:

Dia da Juventude Constitucionalista
(Constitutionalist Youth). 23 May 1932 is an important day in Brazilian history. Four students (Martins, Miragaia, Dráusio and Camargo) were killed in an confrontation with the police in São Paulo. They took part in a protest against the dictatorship of President Getúlio Vargas. The death of the four students ignited a revolt (by approximately 100 thousand people) against the dictatorship. This movement is called the MMDC movement, referring to the first letters of the students’ names. They protested for a new constitutional law. When Vargas frustrated the reform process, a civil war was started. Troops formed from the middle class battled in various Brazilian states, but didn’t managed to gain national support. About six months later, the remaining troops surrendered to the Federal Army. An obelisk in Ibirapuera Park in São Paulo commemorates the ‘Soldados de 32’.

REVOLUTION OF 1932

REVOLUÇÃO DE 1932 – JAMAIS SERÃO ESQUECIDOS….	Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932

BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(1/4)	BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(2/4)

BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(3/4)	BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(4/4)

Dia Nacional da Radiodifusão Livre e Comunitária
(Free and Public Broadcast). Only since 1982, Brazil has a system of free and public broadcast.

Dia Nacional de Defesa das Florestas Brasileiras
(Protection of Brazilian Forests). Despite numerous attempts to protect the forests, deforestation is still going on.

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1984
Prix de la FIPRESCI (International Federation of Film Critics Prize) for the Brazilian movie “Memórias do Cárcere”, directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos, at Cannes

MEMÓRIAS DO CÁRCERE

Trechos do filme Memórias de um Carcere	Memórias do Cárcere (1984)

1962
Golden Palm of Cannes for the Brazilian movie “O pagador de promessas”, directed by Anselmo Duarte.

O PAGADOR DE PROMESSAS

O Pagador de Promessas – Trailer	Filme: O Pagador de Promessas – 1962

1985
Fifteen prisoners died within three months in prisons in Belo Horizonte – MG
The deaths were related to the very bad conditions of the prisons.

1535
Creation of Vila Velha – ES
The city is the oldest in the state of Espírito Santo.

VILA VELHA – ES

Vila Velha Espírito Santo ES Região Sudeste do Brasil – Documentário	Vila Velha – Invista nessa Cidade

Viajando Todo o Brasil – Vila Velha/ES – Especial	Um passeio por Vitória e Vila Velha

1865
Birth of Epitácio Pessoa, former president of Brazil (1919-1922).
Epitácio was born in Umbuzeiro (PB).

1901
Light (electricity company) authorized to install electric illumination in various districts in São Paulo.

1989
Creation of Reserva Biológica (Biological Reserve) do Tinguá, per Federal Decree nº 97.780

2001
Creation of Parque Nacional (National Park) de Saint-Hilaire/Lange – PR

2003
Brazilian diplomat Sérgio Vieira de Mello appointed as UN representative in Iraq.

2005
Polícia Militar removed barricades at the slums of Morro do Alemão
The barricades had been erected by drug traffickers.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days 231

August 19

.

DAY OF:

Dia do Ator

(Actor). Besides this Dia do Ator, also the Dia do Ator Profissional, the professional actor, exists, on March 27.

Dia do Artista de Teatro

(Theater artist)

Dia Nacional da Aviação Agrícola

(Brazilian Day of Agricultural Aviation). To keep control of the enormous areas of cropland, water lands, and forest, airplanes are essential. On August 19, 1947, Clóvis Candiota (patron of agricultural aviation since 1989) started the first agricultural flight from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. This day was introduced by law in 1989.

Dia do Pernambuco

(Pernambuco). Introduced in 2006. See below.

PERNAMBUCO

Pernambuco. É só Chegar.	Pernambuco – Brazil (English)

Dicionário de pernambuquês	Belezas de Pernambuco

Pernambuco Turismo	SER PERNAMBUCANO É

Pernambuco, um pedacinho do Brasil

Dia Mundial do Fotógrafo e da Fotografia

(World day of the photographer and photography). On August 19, 1839, in front of an enthusiastic crowd at the Académie des Sciences and the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the secrets of the first photographic images were revealed by the romantic painter and engraver Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (1787-1851). Already in January that year, his works were shown: still life of famous locations in Paris, made on a copper sheet, with a layer of polished silver leaf, he so-called daguerréotype. Unfortunately, a great fire in his laboratory destroyed a great part of it: his inventions and notes. Only 25 Daguerréotypes were saved. (See for explanatory video).

YouTube channel: History of Photography (519 videos)

PHOTOGRAPHY

Photo History of the people of Earth 1839 to 1853	Long Gone: Daguerreotypes 1840-1860

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

2003
Death of UN representative Sérgio Vieira de Mello (1948-2003) in Baghdad (Iraq).

Sérgio studied philosophy in Paris. During his studies, he started to work for the United Nations. Since 1981, Sérgio was a rising star. He then became chief adviser of the UN missions, in Cambodia, Rwanda, Kosovo, East Timor, and became High Commissioner of Refugees in 2002; In 2002, Sérgio became special representative in Baghdad, upon personal request of his chief Kofi Annan. Together with Sérgio, more 22 UN workers were killed in a bomb attack.

SÉRGIO VIEIRA DE MELLO

Sergio Vieira de Mello – In memory of…	SERGIO – Trailer #2

1849
Birth of Joaquim Nabuco (1849-1910).

Joaquim Aurélio Barreto Nabuco de Araújo studied law in São Paulo, and continued in Recife. In 1869, he wrote “A escravidão (the slavery)”. There was a lot of commotion when Joaquim defended a black slave, who had killed his master. In 1872, his first book was published: Camões e os Lusíadas. As an elected representative, he defended the rights of the Indians, he condemned the exploration of the Xingú area, and opposed against the arrival of Chinese as substitutes of slaves at the plantations. He named this substitution the ‘Mongolization of our Country‘. Joaquim battled bitterly for the abolition of slavery, until the abolition of it in 1888. In 1869, he was one of the founders of the Brazilian Academy of Literature, and was named as secretary for life. Joaquim also was involved in the dispute of the partition of British Guyana, considered as a defeat for Brazil. He worked as a diplomat in London, and became the first Brazilian ambassador in the United States. He died there, after a long sickbed. Since 2006, his birth date is called the Dia do Pernambuco, thanks to his efforts for this state.

JOAQUIM NABUCO

Joaquim Nabuco (1/4) – De Lá Pra Cá	Joaquim Nabuco (2/4) – De Lá Pra Cá

Joaquim Nabuco (3/4) – De Lá Pra Cá	Joaquim Nabuco (4/4) – De Lá Pra Cá

Diálogo com Joaquim Nabuco

1981
First broadcast of Brazilian TV channel SBT.

SBT, Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão, was founded in 1981, by the very popular presenter Silvio Santos. Silvio (1930, his real name is Senor Abravanel, son of Greek-Turkish migrants) presents, for almost fifty (!) years, a broad scale of TV programs, presumably amusement and family games. his nickname is therefore “O mensageira da alegria, the messenger of the laugh“. The first broadcast of SBT was the registration of the signing ceremony of the contract by Silvio and Brazilian president Ernesto Geisel. SBT suffered losses in the first decade of its existence, despite the growth of its market share. At present SBT claims to be watched by one quarter of Brazilian TV watchers. Almost no one has to be afraid to miss any second of the SBT programs, since the more than 100 satellite dishes guarantee a nationwide coverage of almost 100 percent.

Some curiosities about Silvio: despite his age of 80, he always gets up at six, and does his daily gymnastic routine. Thanks to two plastic surgeries (the most recent dates from 2005), his appearance is much younger. He frequently uses UV treatments, has his hair dyed every two weeks. He is very rich, his personal income is calculated to be 15 million reais per year. SBT has a value of about 1 to 1.5 billion reais, but Silvio only wants to sell his jewel for 2 billion. Besides TV activities, Silvio’s company also is holding a bank, insurances, leasing activities, and credit card administration. Silvio is very popular in Brazil. A poll in 1988 demonstrated that he would have won the presidential elections, if he had be one of the candidates. One year later, he became presidential candidate, but an administrative error blocked his candidacy. Personal drama for Silvio was the sequestration of Silvio and his family in 2001.

SBT

Nascimento do SBT no dia 19 de Agosto de 1981	Homenagem Silvio Santos 80 Anos

Conheça a Próxima Dona do SBT – Patrícia Abravanel	SBT 25 anos – 1ª parte

SBT 25 anos – 2ª parte	SBT 25 anos – 3ª parte

.

Brazilian Days 203

July 22

.

DAY OF:

Dia do Cantor Lírico

(Opera singer). Until the 20th century, castrated men with their high voices were the absolute stars. Among them, Carlo Farineli was one of the most famous. At the end of the 19th century, castration in order to keep the high voice, was forbidden. Famous singers of recent times are amongst others Maria Callas, and Pavarotti, Carreras, Bocelli. The most famous Brazilian opera singer is the soprano Bidu Sayão (1902-1999).

^source

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1960
Formation of the ministries of Energy and Mines (Minas e Energia), and Trade and Industries (Indústria e Comércio).

The latter already has been renamed in the ministry of Development, Industries, and Foreign Trade (Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior).

1951
Palmeiras won the Copa Rio Internacional, after winning the finals against Juventus (ITA).

After the loss of the Brazilian national team in the World Cup final in 1950, the Brazilian soccer association organized an international tournament for national champions. The tournament was held with two groups of four, playing in Rio de Janeiro and in São Paulo. In Rio the participating teams were: Vasco (BRA), Sporting (POR), Austria Wien (AUT), and Nacional (URU). In São Paulo the participating teams were: Palmeiras (BRA), Red Star (YUG), Juventus (ITA), and Nice (FRA). The semi finals were matches between Vasco and Palmeiras, and between Juventus and Austria Wien. Since 2001, Palmeiras had tried having this tournament recognized by the FIFA, as the first world cup for club teams. The FIFA recognized that indeed, in March 2007. But other Brazilian teams followed to fight for their recognition as a world cup winner. At the end of December 2007, FIFA withdrew that decision, and Corinthians (winner of the world cup for club teams in 2000) was declared as the first winner of a world cup for club teams.

WORLD CUP 1951

COPA RIO 1951 – 1° MUNDIAL	Palmeiras-1951 – Campeão ”1º Campeonato Mundial Interclubes

Mundial Palmeirense Copa Rio 1951	Palmeiras, Campeão Mundial 1951

1911
Padre Cícero (1844-1934) elected as major of the newly-created municipality of Juazeiro do Norte (CE).

Padre Cícero Romão Batista was born in Crato (CE) on March 24, 1844. He started his studies at a seminary, and was professed in 1870. At Christmas 1871, Padre Cícero visited Juazeiro for the first time. In 1889, the first miracle occurred, when a host had transformed into blood. This occurrence repeated various times. These miracles created controversy with the Catholic Church, and the father was excommunicated. On July 22, 1911, Padre Cícero became the first mayor of the newly-created Juazeiro, later renamed into Juazeiro do Norte. The father has not been canonized, but is one of the most biographed persons in the world.

More about Padre Cícero

1911
Creation of the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte

Initially, Juazeiro do Norte was a district of nearby Crato, and was called Vila de Tabuleiro Grande. Padre Cícero (See above) was one of the responsible men for the emancipation and independence of Juazeiro do Norte. At present, the city in the southeast of the state of Ceará counts more than 250 thousand inhabitants.

JUAZEIRO DO NORTE

JUAZEIRO DO NORTE – CAPITAL DO CARIRI CEARENSE	JUAZEIRO DO NORTE 2012

Juazeiro do Norte completa 100 anos	JUAZEIRO DO PADRE CÍCERO

2002
Sérgio Vieira de Mello elected as High Commissioner of Human Rights of the United Nations.

Sérgio was born in Rio de Janeiro in 1948, and studied philosophy at Brazilian and European universities. He started his career at the United Nations in 1969. He has worked in many countries, among them is East-Timor. He was responsible for the transitional administration. Then he moved to Bagdad, as a Special Representative. In 2003, Sérgio and 21 others were killed in a bomb blast.

2007
Gold medal for Marcel Stürmer during the Pan American Games (roller skates)

Marcel won the gold medal with free style artistic roller skating. He also won gold in 2003 and in 2011. His best result at the world championships was the second place in 2011.

2007
Gold medal for Emanuel Rego and Ricardo Santos during the Pan American Games (beach volleyball).

Emmanuel won gold medals at the Pan American Games of 2007 and 2011, gold at the Olympic Games 2004, and is three-time world champion. Ricardo won the gold medal at the Pan American Games of 2007, gold at the Olympic Games 2004, and is one-time world champion.

Fragment of the final

2007
Gold medal for Brazilian men’s handball team during the Pan American Game.

Arch rival Argentina was beaten 30-22 in the final.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom
.

Brazilian Days 143

May 23

.

DAY OF:

Dia da Juventude Constitucionalista
(Constitutionalist Youth). 23 May 1932 is an important day in Brazilian history. Four students (Martins, Miragaia, Dráusio and Camargo) were killed in an confrontation with the police in São Paulo. They took part in a protest against the dictatorship of President Getúlio Vargas. The death of the four students ignited a revolt (by approximately 100 thousand people) against the dictatorship. This movement is called the MMDC movement, referring to the first letters of the students’ names. They protested for a new constitutional law. When Vargas frustrated the reform process, a civil war was started. Troops formed from the middle class battled in various Brazilian states, but didn’t managed to gain national support. About six months later, the remaining troops surrendered to the Federal Army. An obelisk in Ibirapuera Park in São Paulo commemorates the ‘Soldados de 32’.

REVOLUTION OF 1932

REVOLUÇÃO DE 1932 – JAMAIS SERÃO ESQUECIDOS….	Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932

BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(1/4)	BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(2/4)

BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(3/4)	BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(4/4)

Dia Nacional da Radiodifusão Livre e Comunitária
(Free and Public Broadcast). Only since 1982, Brazil has a system of free and public broadcast.

Dia Nacional de Defesa das Florestas Brasileiras
(Protection of Brazilian Forests). Despite numerous attempts to protect the forests, deforestation is still going on.

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1984
Prix de la FIPRESCI (International Federation of Film Critics Prize) for the Brazilian movie “Memórias do Cárcere”, directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos, at Cannes

MEMÓRIAS DO CÁRCERE

Trechos do filme Memórias de um Carcere	Memórias do Cárcere (1984)

1962
Golden Palm of Cannes for the Brazilian movie “O pagador de promessas”, directed by Anselmo Duarte.

O PAGADOR DE PROMESSAS

O Pagador de Promessas – Trailer	Filme: O Pagador de Promessas – 1962

1985
Fifteen prisoners died within three months in prisons in Belo Horizonte – MG
The deaths were related to the very bad conditions of the prisons.

1535
Creation of Vila Velha – ES
The city is the oldest in the state of Espírito Santo.

VILA VELHA – ES

Vila Velha Espírito Santo ES Região Sudeste do Brasil – Documentário	Vila Velha – Invista nessa Cidade

Viajando Todo o Brasil – Vila Velha/ES – Especial	Um passeio por Vitória e Vila Velha

1865
Birth of Epitácio Pessoa, former president of Brazil (1919-1922).
Epitácio was born in Umbuzeiro (PB).

1901
Light (electricity company) authorized to install electric illumination in various districts in São Paulo.

1989
Creation of Reserva Biológica (Biological Reserve) do Tinguá, per Federal Decree nº 97.780

2001
Creation of Parque Nacional (National Park) de Saint-Hilaire/Lange – PR

2003
Brazilian diplomat Sérgio Vieira de Mello appointed as UN representative in Iraq.

2005
Polícia Militar removed barricades at the slums of Morro do Alemão
The barricades had been erected by drug traffickers.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days 231

August 19

.

DAY OF:

Dia do Ator

(Actor). Besides this Dia do Ator, also the Dia do Ator Profissional, the professional actor, exists, on March 27.

Dia do Artista de Teatro

(Theater artist)

Dia Nacional da Aviação Agrícola

(Brazilian Day of Agricultural Aviation). To keep control of the enormous areas of cropland, water lands, and forest, airplanes are essential. On August 19, 1947, Clóvis Candiota (patron of agricultural aviation since 1989) started the first agricultural flight from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. This day was introduced by law in 1989.

Dia do Pernambuco

(Pernambuco). Introduced in 2006. See below.

PERNAMBUCO

Pernambuco. É só Chegar.	Pernambuco – Brazil (English)

Dicionário de pernambuquês	Belezas de Pernambuco

Pernambuco Turismo	SER PERNAMBUCANO É

Pernambuco, um pedacinho do Brasil

Dia Mundial do Fotógrafo e da Fotografia

(World day of the photographer and photography). On August 19, 1839, in front of an enthusiastic crowd at the Académie des Sciences and the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the secrets of the first photographic images were revealed by the romantic painter and engraver Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (1787-1851). Already in January that year, his works were shown: still life of famous locations in Paris, made on a copper sheet, with a layer of polished silver leaf, he so-called daguerréotype. Unfortunately, a great fire in his laboratory destroyed a great part of it: his inventions and notes. Only 25 Daguerréotypes were saved. (See for explanatory video).

YouTube channel: History of Photography (519 videos)

PHOTOGRAPHY

Photo History of the people of Earth 1839 to 1853	Long Gone: Daguerreotypes 1840-1860

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

2003
Death of UN representative Sérgio Vieira de Mello (1948-2003) in Baghdad (Iraq).

Sérgio studied philosophy in Paris. During his studies, he started to work for the United Nations. Since 1981, Sérgio was a rising star. He then became chief adviser of the UN missions, in Cambodia, Rwanda, Kosovo, East Timor, and became High Commissioner of Refugees in 2002; In 2002, Sérgio became special representative in Baghdad, upon personal request of his chief Kofi Annan. Together with Sérgio, more 22 UN workers were killed in a bomb attack.

SÉRGIO VIEIRA DE MELLO

Sergio Vieira de Mello – In memory of…	SERGIO – Trailer #2

1849
Birth of Joaquim Nabuco (1849-1910).

Joaquim Aurélio Barreto Nabuco de Araújo studied law in São Paulo, and continued in Recife. In 1869, he wrote “A escravidão (the slavery)”. There was a lot of commotion when Joaquim defended a black slave, who had killed his master. In 1872, his first book was published: Camões e os Lusíadas. As an elected representative, he defended the rights of the Indians, he condemned the exploration of the Xingú area, and opposed against the arrival of Chinese as substitutes of slaves at the plantations. He named this substitution the ‘Mongolization of our Country‘. Joaquim battled bitterly for the abolition of slavery, until the abolition of it in 1888. In 1869, he was one of the founders of the Brazilian Academy of Literature, and was named as secretary for life. Joaquim also was involved in the dispute of the partition of British Guyana, considered as a defeat for Brazil. He worked as a diplomat in London, and became the first Brazilian ambassador in the United States. He died there, after a long sickbed. Since 2006, his birth date is called the Dia do Pernambuco, thanks to his efforts for this state.

JOAQUIM NABUCO

Joaquim Nabuco (1/4) – De Lá Pra Cá	Joaquim Nabuco (2/4) – De Lá Pra Cá

Joaquim Nabuco (3/4) – De Lá Pra Cá	Joaquim Nabuco (4/4) – De Lá Pra Cá

Diálogo com Joaquim Nabuco

1981
First broadcast of Brazilian TV channel SBT.

SBT, Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão, was founded in 1981, by the very popular presenter Silvio Santos. Silvio (1930, his real name is Senor Abravanel, son of Greek-Turkish migrants) presents, for almost fifty (!) years, a broad scale of TV programs, presumably amusement and family games. his nickname is therefore “O mensageira da alegria, the messenger of the laugh“. The first broadcast of SBT was the registration of the signing ceremony of the contract by Silvio and Brazilian president Ernesto Geisel. SBT suffered losses in the first decade of its existence, despite the growth of its market share. At present SBT claims to be watched by one quarter of Brazilian TV watchers. Almost no one has to be afraid to miss any second of the SBT programs, since the more than 100 satellite dishes guarantee a nationwide coverage of almost 100 percent.

Some curiosities about Silvio: despite his age of 80, he always gets up at six, and does his daily gymnastic routine. Thanks to two plastic surgeries (the most recent dates from 2005), his appearance is much younger. He frequently uses UV treatments, has his hair dyed every two weeks. He is very rich, his personal income is calculated to be 15 million reais per year. SBT has a value of about 1 to 1.5 billion reais, but Silvio only wants to sell his jewel for 2 billion. Besides TV activities, Silvio’s company also is holding a bank, insurances, leasing activities, and credit card administration. Silvio is very popular in Brazil. A poll in 1988 demonstrated that he would have won the presidential elections, if he had be one of the candidates. One year later, he became presidential candidate, but an administrative error blocked his candidacy. Personal drama for Silvio was the sequestration of Silvio and his family in 2001.

SBT

Nascimento do SBT no dia 19 de Agosto de 1981	Homenagem Silvio Santos 80 Anos

Conheça a Próxima Dona do SBT – Patrícia Abravanel	SBT 25 anos – 1ª parte

SBT 25 anos – 2ª parte	SBT 25 anos – 3ª parte

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Brazilian Days 203

July 22

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DAY OF:

Dia do Cantor Lírico

(Opera singer). Until the 20th century, castrated men with their high voices were the absolute stars. Among them, Carlo Farineli was one of the most famous. At the end of the 19th century, castration in order to keep the high voice, was forbidden. Famous singers of recent times are amongst others Maria Callas, and Pavarotti, Carreras, Bocelli. The most famous Brazilian opera singer is the soprano Bidu Sayão (1902-1999).

^source

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1960
Formation of the ministries of Energy and Mines (Minas e Energia), and Trade and Industries (Indústria e Comércio).

The latter already has been renamed in the ministry of Development, Industries, and Foreign Trade (Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior).

1951
Palmeiras won the Copa Rio Internacional, after winning the finals against Juventus (ITA).

After the loss of the Brazilian national team in the World Cup final in 1950, the Brazilian soccer association organized an international tournament for national champions. The tournament was held with two groups of four, playing in Rio de Janeiro and in São Paulo. In Rio the participating teams were: Vasco (BRA), Sporting (POR), Austria Wien (AUT), and Nacional (URU). In São Paulo the participating teams were: Palmeiras (BRA), Red Star (YUG), Juventus (ITA), and Nice (FRA). The semi finals were matches between Vasco and Palmeiras, and between Juventus and Austria Wien. Since 2001, Palmeiras had tried having this tournament recognized by the FIFA, as the first world cup for club teams. The FIFA recognized that indeed, in March 2007. But other Brazilian teams followed to fight for their recognition as a world cup winner. At the end of December 2007, FIFA withdrew that decision, and Corinthians (winner of the world cup for club teams in 2000) was declared as the first winner of a world cup for club teams.

WORLD CUP 1951

COPA RIO 1951 – 1° MUNDIAL	Palmeiras-1951 – Campeão ”1º Campeonato Mundial Interclubes

Mundial Palmeirense Copa Rio 1951	Palmeiras, Campeão Mundial 1951

1911
Padre Cícero (1844-1934) elected as major of the newly-created municipality of Juazeiro do Norte (CE).

Padre Cícero Romão Batista was born in Crato (CE) on March 24, 1844. He started his studies at a seminary, and was professed in 1870. At Christmas 1871, Padre Cícero visited Juazeiro for the first time. In 1889, the first miracle occurred, when a host had transformed into blood. This occurrence repeated various times. These miracles created controversy with the Catholic Church, and the father was excommunicated. On July 22, 1911, Padre Cícero became the first mayor of the newly-created Juazeiro, later renamed into Juazeiro do Norte. The father has not been canonized, but is one of the most biographed persons in the world.

More about Padre Cícero

1911
Creation of the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte

Initially, Juazeiro do Norte was a district of nearby Crato, and was called Vila de Tabuleiro Grande. Padre Cícero (See above) was one of the responsible men for the emancipation and independence of Juazeiro do Norte. At present, the city in the southeast of the state of Ceará counts more than 250 thousand inhabitants.

JUAZEIRO DO NORTE

JUAZEIRO DO NORTE – CAPITAL DO CARIRI CEARENSE	JUAZEIRO DO NORTE 2012

Juazeiro do Norte completa 100 anos	JUAZEIRO DO PADRE CÍCERO

2002
Sérgio Vieira de Mello elected as High Commissioner of Human Rights of the United Nations.

Sérgio was born in Rio de Janeiro in 1948, and studied philosophy at Brazilian and European universities. He started his career at the United Nations in 1969. He has worked in many countries, among them is East-Timor. He was responsible for the transitional administration. Then he moved to Bagdad, as a Special Representative. In 2003, Sérgio and 21 others were killed in a bomb blast.

2007
Gold medal for Marcel Stürmer during the Pan American Games (roller skates)

Marcel won the gold medal with free style artistic roller skating. He also won gold in 2003 and in 2011. His best result at the world championships was the second place in 2011.

2007
Gold medal for Emanuel Rego and Ricardo Santos during the Pan American Games (beach volleyball).

Emmanuel won gold medals at the Pan American Games of 2007 and 2011, gold at the Olympic Games 2004, and is three-time world champion. Ricardo won the gold medal at the Pan American Games of 2007, gold at the Olympic Games 2004, and is one-time world champion.

Fragment of the final

2007
Gold medal for Brazilian men’s handball team during the Pan American Game.

Arch rival Argentina was beaten 30-22 in the final.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom
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Brazilian Days 143

May 23

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DAY OF:

Dia da Juventude Constitucionalista
(Constitutionalist Youth). 23 May 1932 is an important day in Brazilian history. Four students (Martins, Miragaia, Dráusio and Camargo) were killed in an confrontation with the police in São Paulo. They took part in a protest against the dictatorship of President Getúlio Vargas. The death of the four students ignited a revolt (by approximately 100 thousand people) against the dictatorship. This movement is called the MMDC movement, referring to the first letters of the students’ names. They protested for a new constitutional law. When Vargas frustrated the reform process, a civil war was started. Troops formed from the middle class battled in various Brazilian states, but didn’t managed to gain national support. About six months later, the remaining troops surrendered to the Federal Army. An obelisk in Ibirapuera Park in São Paulo commemorates the ‘Soldados de 32’.

REVOLUTION OF 1932

REVOLUÇÃO DE 1932 – JAMAIS SERÃO ESQUECIDOS….	Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932

BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(1/4)	BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(2/4)

BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(3/4)	BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(4/4)

Dia Nacional da Radiodifusão Livre e Comunitária
(Free and Public Broadcast). Only since 1982, Brazil has a system of free and public broadcast.

Dia Nacional de Defesa das Florestas Brasileiras
(Protection of Brazilian Forests). Despite numerous attempts to protect the forests, deforestation is still going on.

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1984
Prix de la FIPRESCI (International Federation of Film Critics Prize) for the Brazilian movie “Memórias do Cárcere”, directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos, at Cannes

MEMÓRIAS DO CÁRCERE

Trechos do filme Memórias de um Carcere	Memórias do Cárcere (1984)

1962
Golden Palm of Cannes for the Brazilian movie “O pagador de promessas”, directed by Anselmo Duarte.

O PAGADOR DE PROMESSAS

O Pagador de Promessas – Trailer	Filme: O Pagador de Promessas – 1962

1985
Fifteen prisoners died within three months in prisons in Belo Horizonte – MG
The deaths were related to the very bad conditions of the prisons.

1535
Creation of Vila Velha – ES
The city is the oldest in the state of Espírito Santo.

VILA VELHA – ES

Vila Velha Espírito Santo ES Região Sudeste do Brasil – Documentário	Vila Velha – Invista nessa Cidade

Viajando Todo o Brasil – Vila Velha/ES – Especial	Um passeio por Vitória e Vila Velha

1865
Birth of Epitácio Pessoa, former president of Brazil (1919-1922).
Epitácio was born in Umbuzeiro (PB).

1901
Light (electricity company) authorized to install electric illumination in various districts in São Paulo.

1989
Creation of Reserva Biológica (Biological Reserve) do Tinguá, per Federal Decree nº 97.780

2001
Creation of Parque Nacional (National Park) de Saint-Hilaire/Lange – PR

2003
Brazilian diplomat Sérgio Vieira de Mello appointed as UN representative in Iraq.

2005
Polícia Militar removed barricades at the slums of Morro do Alemão
The barricades had been erected by drug traffickers.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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DAY OF:

PERNAMBUCO

PHOTOGRAPHY

BRAZILIAN HISTORY: